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πŸ‡±πŸ‡§ Дорогая ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅Π³Π° @rumaanrimon пригласила ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π° мою Π»ΡŽΠ±ΠΈΠΌΡƒΡŽ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΡƒ – ΠΎ политичСской систСмС Π›ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½Π°! ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡŒ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ интСрСсно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡˆΠ»ΠΎΡΡŒ Ρ€Π°Π·Π±ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π° Π΄Π²Π΅ части.

Однако ливанская ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ° устроСна слоТно, Π² Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎ нюансов, ΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ я Π½ΠΈ старался Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎ всём, ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ Π·Π° Π±ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ.

Π’ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠΉ части ΠΌΡ‹ обсудили Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ систСму (распрСдСлСниС власти ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ Ρ€Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠΎΠ·Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠ²ΠΎΡ‚Π°ΠΌ), ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ€Π΅Ρ‡ΠΈΠ²ΡƒΡŽ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ Π€Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π² создании Ливанской рСспублики ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡŽ Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ².

Π’ΠΎ Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ части ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Π½Π΅Π΅ Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΈΠ·Π±ΠΈΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ стоит Π·Π° расколом Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡŽΠ·Ρ‹ 8 ΠΌΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚Π° (Π₯Π΅Π·Π±ΠΎΠ»Π»Π° ΠΈ союзники) ΠΈ 14 ΠΌΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚Π° (ΠΈΡ… сопСрники), ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΡƒΡŽ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹.

КоС-ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠ΅:


Ливанская ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π² Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄Π°Ρ‚Π° (1920β€”1943)

Elizabeth Thompson, Colonial Citizens: Republican Rights, Paternal Privilage, and Gender in French Syria and Lebanon

Raghid el-Solh, Lebanon and Arabism

Eyal Zisser, Lebanon: The Challenge of Independence

ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€Π²Π°Ρ рСспублика (1943–1975) ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎ дошло Π΄ΠΎ граТданской Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ‹ (1975–90)

Michael Hudson, The Precarious Republic

Fawwaz Traboulsi, A History of Modern Lebanon

Roger Owen (ed.), Essays on the Crisis in Lebanon

Farid el-Khazen, The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon, 1967-1976

ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ систСма послС граТданской Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ‹

Rola el-Husseini, Pax Syriana: Elite Politics in Postwar Lebanon – ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅ сирийской Π³Π΅Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΈ/ΠΎΠΊΠΊΡƒΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ (Π΄ΠΎ 2005)

Tamirace Fakhoury MΓΌhlbacher, Democracy and Power-Sharing in Stormy Weather – Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· политичСской систСмы Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡƒ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π½Π·ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ (дСмократия/автократия)

Are John Knudsen ΠΈ Tine Gade (eds.), Civil-Military Relations in Lebanon – сборник со ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΡ‹. Π£ Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ интСрСсных ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ, особСнно ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π² суннитской ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½Π΅

Melani Cammett, Compassionate Communalism: Welfare and Sectarianism in Lebanon – ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π΅Ρ‚ распрСдСлСниС «услуг» Π² ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ Π»ΠΎΡΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ

Π˜ΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΠΌΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ½Π° эксплуатируСтся ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ

Sabrina Bonsen, Martyr Cults and Political Identities in Lebanon

Lucia Volk, Memorials and Martyrs in Modern Lebanon

Sune Haugbolle, War and Memory in Lebanon

Makram Rabah, Conflict on Mount Lebanon

Kamal Salibi, A House of Many Mansions

ΠŸΠΎΠΊΠ΄Π°ΡΡ‚ доступСн Π½Π°
Apple Podcasts ΠΈ ЯндСкс.ΠœΡƒΠ·Ρ‹ΠΊΠ΅.



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πŸ‡±πŸ‡§ Дорогая ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅Π³Π° @rumaanrimon пригласила ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π° мою Π»ΡŽΠ±ΠΈΠΌΡƒΡŽ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΡƒ – ΠΎ политичСской систСмС Π›ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½Π°! ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡŒ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ интСрСсно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡˆΠ»ΠΎΡΡŒ Ρ€Π°Π·Π±ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π° Π΄Π²Π΅ части.

Однако ливанская ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ° устроСна слоТно, Π² Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎ нюансов, ΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ я Π½ΠΈ старался Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎ всём, ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ Π·Π° Π±ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ.

Π’ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠΉ части ΠΌΡ‹ обсудили Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ систСму (распрСдСлСниС власти ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ Ρ€Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠΎΠ·Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠ²ΠΎΡ‚Π°ΠΌ), ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ€Π΅Ρ‡ΠΈΠ²ΡƒΡŽ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ Π€Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π² создании Ливанской рСспублики ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡŽ Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ².

Π’ΠΎ Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ части ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Π½Π΅Π΅ Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΈΠ·Π±ΠΈΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ стоит Π·Π° расколом Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡŽΠ·Ρ‹ 8 ΠΌΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚Π° (Π₯Π΅Π·Π±ΠΎΠ»Π»Π° ΠΈ союзники) ΠΈ 14 ΠΌΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚Π° (ΠΈΡ… сопСрники), ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΡƒΡŽ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹.

КоС-ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠ΅:


Ливанская ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π² Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄Π°Ρ‚Π° (1920β€”1943)

Elizabeth Thompson, Colonial Citizens: Republican Rights, Paternal Privilage, and Gender in French Syria and Lebanon

Raghid el-Solh, Lebanon and Arabism

Eyal Zisser, Lebanon: The Challenge of Independence

ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€Π²Π°Ρ рСспублика (1943–1975) ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎ дошло Π΄ΠΎ граТданской Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ‹ (1975–90)

Michael Hudson, The Precarious Republic

Fawwaz Traboulsi, A History of Modern Lebanon

Roger Owen (ed.), Essays on the Crisis in Lebanon

Farid el-Khazen, The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon, 1967-1976

ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ систСма послС граТданской Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ‹

Rola el-Husseini, Pax Syriana: Elite Politics in Postwar Lebanon – ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅ сирийской Π³Π΅Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΈ/ΠΎΠΊΠΊΡƒΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ (Π΄ΠΎ 2005)

Tamirace Fakhoury MΓΌhlbacher, Democracy and Power-Sharing in Stormy Weather – Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· политичСской систСмы Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡƒ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π½Π·ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ (дСмократия/автократия)

Are John Knudsen ΠΈ Tine Gade (eds.), Civil-Military Relations in Lebanon – сборник со ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΡ‹. Π£ Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ интСрСсных ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ, особСнно ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π² суннитской ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½Π΅

Melani Cammett, Compassionate Communalism: Welfare and Sectarianism in Lebanon – ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π΅Ρ‚ распрСдСлСниС «услуг» Π² ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ Π»ΠΎΡΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ

Π˜ΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΠΌΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ½Π° эксплуатируСтся ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ

Sabrina Bonsen, Martyr Cults and Political Identities in Lebanon

Lucia Volk, Memorials and Martyrs in Modern Lebanon

Sune Haugbolle, War and Memory in Lebanon

Makram Rabah, Conflict on Mount Lebanon

Kamal Salibi, A House of Many Mansions

ΠŸΠΎΠΊΠ΄Π°ΡΡ‚ доступСн Π½Π°
Apple Podcasts ΠΈ ЯндСкс.ΠœΡƒΠ·Ρ‹ΠΊΠ΅.

BY Junger OrientalistπŸ•Š


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To that end, when files are actively downloading, a new icon now appears in the Search bar that users can tap to view and manage downloads, pause and resume all downloads or just individual items, and select one to increase its priority or view it in a chat. Overall, extreme levels of fear in the market seems to have morphed into something more resembling concern. For example, the Cboe Volatility Index fell from its 2022 peak of 36, which it hit Monday, to around 30 on Friday, a sign of easing tensions. Meanwhile, while the price of WTI crude oil slipped from Sunday’s multiyear high $130 of barrel to $109 a pop. Markets have been expecting heavy restrictions on Russian oil, some of which the U.S. has already imposed, and that would reduce the global supply and bring about even more burdensome inflation. Since its launch in 2013, Telegram has grown from a simple messaging app to a broadcast network. Its user base isn’t as vast as WhatsApp’s, and its broadcast platform is a fraction the size of Twitter, but it’s nonetheless showing its use. While Telegram has been embroiled in controversy for much of its life, it has become a vital source of communication during the invasion of Ukraine. But, if all of this is new to you, let us explain, dear friends, what on Earth a Telegram is meant to be, and why you should, or should not, need to care. "There are a lot of things that Telegram could have been doing this whole time. And they know exactly what they are and they've chosen not to do them. That's why I don't trust them," she said. The next bit isn’t clear, but Durov reportedly claimed that his resignation, dated March 21st, was an April Fools’ prank. TechCrunch implies that it was a matter of principle, but it’s hard to be clear on the wheres, whos and whys. Similarly, on April 17th, the Moscow Times quoted Durov as saying that he quit the company after being pressured to reveal account details about Ukrainians protesting the then-president Viktor Yanukovych.
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