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Junger OrientalistπŸ•Š
ΠŸΠ»ΠΎΡ‰Π°Π΄ΡŒ ΠΌΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² стала Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‰Π°Π΄ΡŒΡŽ Π‘Π΅ΠΉΡ€ΡƒΡ‚Π° Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ XIX Π². Π½Π° Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π±ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ роста ΠΈ развития Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ экономичСского, ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ административного Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°. Π’ 1888 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ появилась провинция (Π²ΠΈΠ»Π°Π΅Ρ‚) Π‘Π΅ΠΉΡ€ΡƒΡ‚, ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΈΠΌΡ‘Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ стал Π΅Ρ‘ столицСй. Π’ 1880…
Π‘Π°ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‰Π°Π΄ΡŒ, Π‘Π΅ΠΉΡ€ΡƒΡ‚, 1920 Π³. ПослС Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² 1916 Π³. османскиС власти ΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ‚Π°ΠΌ арабских националистов, Π΅Ρ‘ стали Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠŸΠ»ΠΎΡ‰Π°Π΄ΡŒΡŽ ΠΌΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ².

Π’ Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅ – ΡΠ°Π΄, Ρ€Π°Π·Π±ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹ΠΉ Π΅Ρ‰Ρ‘ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ османах, Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ„Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ†ΡƒΠ·Π°ΠΌΠΈ. 1 мая 1925 Π³. Π²ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³ Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΅Π·Π΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ с красными Ρ„Π»Π°Π³Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡƒΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚* историк-коммунист ΠœΡƒΡ…Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ°Π΄ Π”Π°ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ±. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° пСрвая публичная акция коммунистов Π² Π›ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½Π΅. ПослС этого ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ Π² ΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π°Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅ ΠšΡ€ΠΈΡΡ‚Π°Π»Π», Π³Π΄Π΅ выступали с Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π°ΠΌΠΈ. По ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ³Π°ΠΌ встрСчи армянскоС коммунистичСскоС Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π‘ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ объСдинилось с арабскими коммунистами, Π° Π½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΡƒΡŽΡΡ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΡŽ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ СврСйскиС коммунисты Π² ΠŸΠ°Π»Π΅ΡΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° связь.

Π—Π° садом – ΠœΠ°Π»Ρ‹ΠΉ Π΄Π²ΠΎΡ€Π΅Ρ† (снСсён Π² 1950). ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ османах Ρ‚Π°ΠΌ Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° рСзидСнция Π³ΡƒΠ±Π΅Ρ€Π½Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°, Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ„Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ†ΡƒΠ·Π°Ρ… Ρ‚Π°ΠΌ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ Π›ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½Π° (французский Π’Π΅Ρ€Ρ…ΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ комиссар засСдал Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»Ρ‘ΠΊΡƒ Π½Π° Ρ…ΠΎΠ»ΠΌΠ΅ Π² Π‘ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π²ΠΎΡ€Ρ†Π΅).

*Ψ―ΩƒΨ±ΩˆΨ¨ΨŒ جذور Ψ§Ω„Ψ³Ω†Ψ―ΩŠΨ§Ω†Ψ© Ψ§Ω„Ψ­Ω…Ψ±Ψ§Ψ‘
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Π‘Π°ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‰Π°Π΄ΡŒ, Π‘Π΅ΠΉΡ€ΡƒΡ‚, 1920 Π³. ПослС Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² 1916 Π³. османскиС власти ΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ‚Π°ΠΌ арабских националистов, Π΅Ρ‘ стали Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠŸΠ»ΠΎΡ‰Π°Π΄ΡŒΡŽ ΠΌΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ².

Π’ Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅ – ΡΠ°Π΄, Ρ€Π°Π·Π±ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹ΠΉ Π΅Ρ‰Ρ‘ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ османах, Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ„Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ†ΡƒΠ·Π°ΠΌΠΈ. 1 мая 1925 Π³. Π²ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³ Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΅Π·Π΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ с красными Ρ„Π»Π°Π³Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡƒΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚* историк-коммунист ΠœΡƒΡ…Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ°Π΄ Π”Π°ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ±. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° пСрвая публичная акция коммунистов Π² Π›ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½Π΅. ПослС этого ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ Π² ΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π°Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅ ΠšΡ€ΠΈΡΡ‚Π°Π»Π», Π³Π΄Π΅ выступали с Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π°ΠΌΠΈ. По ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ³Π°ΠΌ встрСчи армянскоС коммунистичСскоС Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π‘ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ объСдинилось с арабскими коммунистами, Π° Π½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΡƒΡŽΡΡ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΡŽ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ СврСйскиС коммунисты Π² ΠŸΠ°Π»Π΅ΡΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° связь.

Π—Π° садом – ΠœΠ°Π»Ρ‹ΠΉ Π΄Π²ΠΎΡ€Π΅Ρ† (снСсён Π² 1950). ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ османах Ρ‚Π°ΠΌ Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° рСзидСнция Π³ΡƒΠ±Π΅Ρ€Π½Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°, Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ„Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ†ΡƒΠ·Π°Ρ… Ρ‚Π°ΠΌ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ Π›ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½Π° (французский Π’Π΅Ρ€Ρ…ΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ комиссар засСдал Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»Ρ‘ΠΊΡƒ Π½Π° Ρ…ΠΎΠ»ΠΌΠ΅ Π² Π‘ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π²ΠΎΡ€Ρ†Π΅).

*Ψ―ΩƒΨ±ΩˆΨ¨ΨŒ جذور Ψ§Ω„Ψ³Ω†Ψ―ΩŠΨ§Ω†Ψ© Ψ§Ω„Ψ­Ω…Ψ±Ψ§Ψ‘
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Update March 8, 2022: EFF has clarified that Channels and Groups are not fully encrypted, end-to-end, updated our post to link to Telegram’s FAQ for Cloud and Secret chats, updated to clarify that auto-delete is available for group and channel admins, and added some additional links. Telegram has gained a reputation as the β€œsecure” communications app in the post-Soviet states, but whenever you make choices about your digital security, it’s important to start by asking yourself, β€œWhat exactly am I securing? And who am I securing it from?” These questions should inform your decisions about whether you are using the right tool or platform for your digital security needs. Telegram is certainly not the most secure messaging app on the market right now. Its security model requires users to place a great deal of trust in Telegram’s ability to protect user data. For some users, this may be good enough for now. For others, it may be wiser to move to a different platform for certain kinds of high-risk communications. At the start of 2018, the company attempted to launch an Initial Coin Offering (ICO) which would enable it to enable payments (and earn the cash that comes from doing so). The initial signals were promising, especially given Telegram’s user base is already fairly crypto-savvy. It raised an initial tranche of cash – worth more than a billion dollars – to help develop the coin before opening sales to the public. Unfortunately, third-party sales of coins bought in those initial fundraising rounds raised the ire of the SEC, which brought the hammer down on the whole operation. In 2020, officials ordered Telegram to pay a fine of $18.5 million and hand back much of the cash that it had raised. The perpetrators use various names to carry out the investment scams. They may also impersonate or clone licensed capital market intermediaries by using the names, logos, credentials, websites and other details of the legitimate entities to promote the illegal schemes. The regulator took order for the search and seizure operation from Judge Purushottam B Jadhav, Sebi Special Judge / Additional Sessions Judge.
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