چنان‌چه از منظری نابهنگام بپذیریم که انسان‌شناسی به‌‌مثابه «پژوهش در احوال جوامع ساده و دگرگونی‌ناپذیری بسط یافته است که با جوامع پیچیده و دگرگونی‌ناپذیر غرب کاملاً متفاوت بوده‌اند» (Carrier 1995:1)، پس این رشته پیشینه تاریخی طولانی دارد و آغاز آن به نخستین برخوردهای امپریالیست‌های اروپایی با مردمان غیرغربی باز می‌گردد. اما انسان‌شناسان با سایر پژوهش‌گران فرقی ندارند...
چنان‌چه از منظری نابهنگام بپذیریم که انسان‌شناسی به‌‌مثابه «پژوهش در احوال جوامع ساده و دگرگونی‌ناپذیری بسط یافته است که با جوامع پیچیده و دگرگونی‌ناپذیر غرب کاملاً متفاوت بوده‌اند» (Carrier 1995:1)، پس این رشته پیشینه تاریخی طولانی دارد و آغاز آن به نخستین برخوردهای امپریالیست‌های اروپایی با مردمان غیرغربی باز می‌گردد. اما انسان‌شناسان با سایر پژوهش‌گران فرقی ندارند...
The channel appears to be part of the broader information war that has developed following Russia's invasion of Ukraine. The Kremlin has paid Russian TikTok influencers to push propaganda, according to a Vice News investigation, while ProPublica found that fake Russian fact check videos had been viewed over a million times on Telegram. But Kliuchnikov, the Ukranian now in France, said he will use Signal or WhatsApp for sensitive conversations, but questions around privacy on Telegram do not give him pause when it comes to sharing information about the war. What distinguishes the app from competitors is its use of what's known as channels: Public or private feeds of photos and videos that can be set up by one person or an organization. The channels have become popular with on-the-ground journalists, aid workers and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, who broadcasts on a Telegram channel. The channels can be followed by an unlimited number of people. Unlike Facebook, Twitter and other popular social networks, there is no advertising on Telegram and the flow of information is not driven by an algorithm. In February 2014, the Ukrainian people ousted pro-Russian president Viktor Yanukovych, prompting Russia to invade and annex the Crimean peninsula. By the start of April, Pavel Durov had given his notice, with TechCrunch saying at the time that the CEO had resisted pressure to suppress pages criticizing the Russian government. This ability to mix the public and the private, as well as the ability to use bots to engage with users has proved to be problematic. In early 2021, a database selling phone numbers pulled from Facebook was selling numbers for $20 per lookup. Similarly, security researchers found a network of deepfake bots on the platform that were generating images of people submitted by users to create non-consensual imagery, some of which involved children.
from ar
