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科学家发现赋予猫橙色皮毛的基因

2024-12-02 17:37 by 引路人

长期以来,科学家一直对玳瑁猫和印花布猫着迷——它们是黑猫和橘猫的后代。这种杂交的多色猫几乎都是雌性,表明使毛色变为橙色或黑色的基因变异位于 X 染色体上。包括人类在内的大多数哺乳动物中,红毛是由一种细胞表面蛋白 Mc1r 的突变引起,但是编码 Mc1r 的基因似乎并不能解释猫的橙色皮毛是从哪里来的。它不在猫或任何其他物种的 X 染色体上,而且大多数橙色的猫没有 Mc1r 突变。研究团队从动物诊所的猫身上收集了 4 个橙色和 4 个非橙色胎儿的皮肤样本。为了确定单个皮肤细胞如何表达基因,研究人员测量了每个黑素细胞产生的RNA的数量,并确定了它编码的基因。他们发现,橙色猫的黑色素细胞从一种名为 Arhgap36 的基因中产生的 RNA 是普通猫的 13 倍。该基因位于 X 染色体上。但当研究人员在橙色猫身上观察 Arhgap36 的基因序列时,没有发现编码 Arhgap36 蛋白的 DNA 有任何突变。相反他们发现橙色猫缺少附近的一段 DNA,这段 DNA 不会影响蛋白质的氨基酸成分,但可能参与调节细胞产生的氨基酸量。研究团队扫描了 188 只猫的基因组数据库,发现每只橘猫、印花布猫和玳瑁猫都有完全相同的突变。他们在 bioRxiv 上报告了这一发现。

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.21.624608v1.full.pdf
https://news.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2024/12/535040.shtm

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科学家发现赋予猫橙色皮毛的基因

2024-12-02 17:37 by 引路人

长期以来,科学家一直对玳瑁猫和印花布猫着迷——它们是黑猫和橘猫的后代。这种杂交的多色猫几乎都是雌性,表明使毛色变为橙色或黑色的基因变异位于 X 染色体上。包括人类在内的大多数哺乳动物中,红毛是由一种细胞表面蛋白 Mc1r 的突变引起,但是编码 Mc1r 的基因似乎并不能解释猫的橙色皮毛是从哪里来的。它不在猫或任何其他物种的 X 染色体上,而且大多数橙色的猫没有 Mc1r 突变。研究团队从动物诊所的猫身上收集了 4 个橙色和 4 个非橙色胎儿的皮肤样本。为了确定单个皮肤细胞如何表达基因,研究人员测量了每个黑素细胞产生的RNA的数量,并确定了它编码的基因。他们发现,橙色猫的黑色素细胞从一种名为 Arhgap36 的基因中产生的 RNA 是普通猫的 13 倍。该基因位于 X 染色体上。但当研究人员在橙色猫身上观察 Arhgap36 的基因序列时,没有发现编码 Arhgap36 蛋白的 DNA 有任何突变。相反他们发现橙色猫缺少附近的一段 DNA,这段 DNA 不会影响蛋白质的氨基酸成分,但可能参与调节细胞产生的氨基酸量。研究团队扫描了 188 只猫的基因组数据库,发现每只橘猫、印花布猫和玳瑁猫都有完全相同的突变。他们在 bioRxiv 上报告了这一发现。

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.21.624608v1.full.pdf
https://news.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2024/12/535040.shtm

#生物技术

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Since January 2022, the SC has received a total of 47 complaints and enquiries on illegal investment schemes promoted through Telegram. These fraudulent schemes offer non-existent investment opportunities, promising very attractive and risk-free returns within a short span of time. They commonly offer unrealistic returns of as high as 1,000% within 24 hours or even within a few hours. Telegram boasts 500 million users, who share information individually and in groups in relative security. But Telegram's use as a one-way broadcast channel — which followers can join but not reply to — means content from inauthentic accounts can easily reach large, captive and eager audiences. Emerson Brooking, a disinformation expert at the Atlantic Council's Digital Forensic Research Lab, said: "Back in the Wild West period of content moderation, like 2014 or 2015, maybe they could have gotten away with it, but it stands in marked contrast with how other companies run themselves today." DFR Lab sent the image through Microsoft Azure's Face Verification program and found that it was "highly unlikely" that the person in the second photo was the same as the first woman. The fact-checker Logically AI also found the claim to be false. The woman, Olena Kurilo, was also captured in a video after the airstrike and shown to have the injuries. But Kliuchnikov, the Ukranian now in France, said he will use Signal or WhatsApp for sensitive conversations, but questions around privacy on Telegram do not give him pause when it comes to sharing information about the war.
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