False news often spreads via public groups, or chats, with potentially fatal effects. Telegram boasts 500 million users, who share information individually and in groups in relative security. But Telegram's use as a one-way broadcast channel — which followers can join but not reply to — means content from inauthentic accounts can easily reach large, captive and eager audiences. The Russian invasion of Ukraine has been a driving force in markets for the past few weeks. Although some channels have been removed, the curation process is considered opaque and insufficient by analysts. Telegram was founded in 2013 by two Russian brothers, Nikolai and Pavel Durov.
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