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✅ Ilmmetriya (ingl. Scientometrics, rus. Наукометрия) – fanni miqdoriy usullar yordamida tadqiq etuvchi fan sohasi.
✅ Koʻp sonli oʻlchovlar va ilmiy maʼlumotlarni statistik qayta ishlash (maʼlum vaqt oraligʻida chop etilgan ilmiy maqolalar soni, iqtiboslar koʻrsatkichlari va boshqalar) orqali fanning rivojlanish evolutsiyasini oʻrganuvchi ilm.
✅ Ilmmetriya fanining asoschisi amerikalik lingvist olim Yudjin Garfild hisoblansa-da, ilmmetriya (“наукометрия”) atamasi ilk bor rus olimlari V.V. Nalimov va Z.M. Mulchenko hammuallifligida 1969-yilda nashr etilgan “Ilmmetriya: Fanni axborot jarayoni sifatida o‘rganish” («Наукометрия: Изучение науки как информационного процесса») nomli monografiyada tilga olingan.
✅ Ilmmetriya (ingl. Scientometrics, rus. Наукометрия) – fanni miqdoriy usullar yordamida tadqiq etuvchi fan sohasi.
✅ Koʻp sonli oʻlchovlar va ilmiy maʼlumotlarni statistik qayta ishlash (maʼlum vaqt oraligʻida chop etilgan ilmiy maqolalar soni, iqtiboslar koʻrsatkichlari va boshqalar) orqali fanning rivojlanish evolutsiyasini oʻrganuvchi ilm.
✅ Ilmmetriya fanining asoschisi amerikalik lingvist olim Yudjin Garfild hisoblansa-da, ilmmetriya (“наукометрия”) atamasi ilk bor rus olimlari V.V. Nalimov va Z.M. Mulchenko hammuallifligida 1969-yilda nashr etilgan “Ilmmetriya: Fanni axborot jarayoni sifatida o‘rganish” («Наукометрия: Изучение науки как информационного процесса») nomli monografiyada tilga olingan.
In the United States, Telegram's lower public profile has helped it mostly avoid high level scrutiny from Congress, but it has not gone unnoticed. The Dow Jones Industrial Average fell 230 points, or 0.7%. Meanwhile, the S&P 500 and the Nasdaq Composite dropped 1.3% and 2.2%, respectively. All three indexes began the day with gains before selling off. Telegram does offer end-to-end encrypted communications through Secret Chats, but this is not the default setting. Standard conversations use the MTProto method, enabling server-client encryption but with them stored on the server for ease-of-access. This makes using Telegram across multiple devices simple, but also means that the regular Telegram chats you’re having with folks are not as secure as you may believe. On December 23rd, 2020, Pavel Durov posted to his channel that the company would need to start generating revenue. In early 2021, he added that any advertising on the platform would not use user data for targeting, and that it would be focused on “large one-to-many channels.” He pledged that ads would be “non-intrusive” and that most users would simply not notice any change. Perpetrators of such fraud use various marketing techniques to attract subscribers on their social media channels.
from br
