False news often spreads via public groups, or chats, with potentially fatal effects. The gold standard of encryption, known as end-to-end encryption, where only the sender and person who receives the message are able to see it, is available on Telegram only when the Secret Chat function is enabled. Voice and video calls are also completely encrypted. Perpetrators of such fraud use various marketing techniques to attract subscribers on their social media channels. Although some channels have been removed, the curation process is considered opaque and insufficient by analysts. In addition, Telegram's architecture limits the ability to slow the spread of false information: the lack of a central public feed, and the fact that comments are easily disabled in channels, reduce the space for public pushback.
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