اقتصاددانی که یک پارادوکس اساسی در انتخاب اجتماعی را نشان داد؛ ترجیحات افراد در یک نظام انتخاباتیِ سالم نیز می‌تواند کژتابی داشته باشد و اکثریت به خواستۀ خود نرسند. تاثیراتِ ارو در ورود مدل‌سازی‌های ریاضی به اقتصاد، بسط تئوری‌های رشد درون‌زا و اقتصاد اطلاعات، کاری کرد که علم اقتصاد به مسائلی بپردازد که تا پیش از آن، ابزار لازم برای حل آن را نداشت.
🔻در این برگه از «آشنایی با نوبلیست‌های اقتصاد» کمی بیشتر با کِنِث ارو آشنا خواهیم شد.
اقتصاددانی که یک پارادوکس اساسی در انتخاب اجتماعی را نشان داد؛ ترجیحات افراد در یک نظام انتخاباتیِ سالم نیز می‌تواند کژتابی داشته باشد و اکثریت به خواستۀ خود نرسند. تاثیراتِ ارو در ورود مدل‌سازی‌های ریاضی به اقتصاد، بسط تئوری‌های رشد درون‌زا و اقتصاد اطلاعات، کاری کرد که علم اقتصاد به مسائلی بپردازد که تا پیش از آن، ابزار لازم برای حل آن را نداشت.
🔻در این برگه از «آشنایی با نوبلیست‌های اقتصاد» کمی بیشتر با کِنِث ارو آشنا خواهیم شد.
At the start of 2018, the company attempted to launch an Initial Coin Offering (ICO) which would enable it to enable payments (and earn the cash that comes from doing so). The initial signals were promising, especially given Telegram’s user base is already fairly crypto-savvy. It raised an initial tranche of cash – worth more than a billion dollars – to help develop the coin before opening sales to the public. Unfortunately, third-party sales of coins bought in those initial fundraising rounds raised the ire of the SEC, which brought the hammer down on the whole operation. In 2020, officials ordered Telegram to pay a fine of $18.5 million and hand back much of the cash that it had raised. At its heart, Telegram is little more than a messaging app like WhatsApp or Signal. But it also offers open channels that enable a single user, or a group of users, to communicate with large numbers in a method similar to a Twitter account. This has proven to be both a blessing and a curse for Telegram and its users, since these channels can be used for both good and ill. Right now, as Wired reports, the app is a key way for Ukrainians to receive updates from the government during the invasion. Russian President Vladimir Putin launched Russia's invasion of Ukraine in the early-morning hours of February 24, targeting several key cities with military strikes. False news often spreads via public groups, or chats, with potentially fatal effects. In 2014, Pavel Durov fled the country after allies of the Kremlin took control of the social networking site most know just as VK. Russia's intelligence agency had asked Durov to turn over the data of anti-Kremlin protesters. Durov refused to do so.
from br
