Золотые резервы России выросли на рекордные 33% с начала года и к ноябрю впервые в истории страны превысили $200 млрд. Страна вышла на пятое место по запасам этого драгметалла — ее опередили только США, Германия, Италия и Франция. Сейчас это самый надежный актив на фоне того, что сбережения РФ в западных валютах заблокированы. А его стоимость растет из-за геополитической неопределенности в мире — к концу года она может превысить $3 тыс. за тройскую унцию, прогнозируют эксперты.
Золотые резервы России выросли на рекордные 33% с начала года и к ноябрю впервые в истории страны превысили $200 млрд. Страна вышла на пятое место по запасам этого драгметалла — ее опередили только США, Германия, Италия и Франция. Сейчас это самый надежный актив на фоне того, что сбережения РФ в западных валютах заблокированы. А его стоимость растет из-за геополитической неопределенности в мире — к концу года она может превысить $3 тыс. за тройскую унцию, прогнозируют эксперты.
Telegram has become more interventionist over time, and has steadily increased its efforts to shut down these accounts. But this has also meant that the company has also engaged with lawmakers more generally, although it maintains that it doesn’t do so willingly. For instance, in September 2021, Telegram reportedly blocked a chat bot in support of (Putin critic) Alexei Navalny during Russia’s most recent parliamentary elections. Pavel Durov was quoted at the time saying that the company was obliged to follow a “legitimate” law of the land. He added that as Apple and Google both follow the law, to violate it would give both platforms a reason to boot the messenger from its stores. Individual messages can be fully encrypted. But the user has to turn on that function. It's not automatic, as it is on Signal and WhatsApp. Some people used the platform to organize ahead of the storming of the U.S. Capitol in January 2021, and last month Senator Mark Warner sent a letter to Durov urging him to curb Russian information operations on Telegram. Telegram was co-founded by Pavel and Nikolai Durov, the brothers who had previously created VKontakte. VK is Russia’s equivalent of Facebook, a social network used for public and private messaging, audio and video sharing as well as online gaming. In January, SimpleWeb reported that VK was Russia’s fourth most-visited website, after Yandex, YouTube and Google’s Russian-language homepage. In 2016, Forbes’ Michael Solomon described Pavel Durov (pictured, below) as the “Mark Zuckerberg of Russia.” Groups are also not fully encrypted, end-to-end. This includes private groups. Private groups cannot be seen by other Telegram users, but Telegram itself can see the groups and all of the communications that you have in them. All of the same risks and warnings about channels can be applied to groups.
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