صرف نظر از نوع منبع (کتاب، مقاله، بخشی از کتاب، ...)، نحوه مرجع نویسی در انتهای متن با استفاده از روش APA بر اساس تعداد نویسندگان به صورت زیر خواهد بود. در تمامی روش ها بین نام نویسنده ها از کاما و بعد از نام آخرین نویسنده از نقطه استفاده می شود.
یک نویسنده : ابتدا نام خانوادگی ، سپس حرف اول نام.
Berndt, T. J. (2002). Friendship quality and social development. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11, 7-10.
دو نویسنده : نام خانوادگی به همراه حرف اول نام برای هر نویسنده به طوری که با “&” از یکدیگر جدا می شوند.
Wegener, D. T., & Petty, R. E. (1994). Mood management across affective states: The hedonic contingency hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 1034-1048.
سه تا هفت نویسنده : نام خانوادگی و حرف اول نام هر نویسنده، به طوری که نام نویسندگان با کاما از یکدیگر جدا شده و نویسنده آخر با “&” می آید.
صرف نظر از نوع منبع (کتاب، مقاله، بخشی از کتاب، ...)، نحوه مرجع نویسی در انتهای متن با استفاده از روش APA بر اساس تعداد نویسندگان به صورت زیر خواهد بود. در تمامی روش ها بین نام نویسنده ها از کاما و بعد از نام آخرین نویسنده از نقطه استفاده می شود.
یک نویسنده : ابتدا نام خانوادگی ، سپس حرف اول نام.
Berndt, T. J. (2002). Friendship quality and social development. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11, 7-10.
دو نویسنده : نام خانوادگی به همراه حرف اول نام برای هر نویسنده به طوری که با “&” از یکدیگر جدا می شوند.
Wegener, D. T., & Petty, R. E. (1994). Mood management across affective states: The hedonic contingency hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 1034-1048.
سه تا هفت نویسنده : نام خانوادگی و حرف اول نام هر نویسنده، به طوری که نام نویسندگان با کاما از یکدیگر جدا شده و نویسنده آخر با “&” می آید.
Either way, Durov says that he withdrew his resignation but that he was ousted from his company anyway. Subsequently, control of the company was reportedly handed to oligarchs Alisher Usmanov and Igor Sechin, both allegedly close associates of Russian leader Vladimir Putin. But because group chats and the channel features are not end-to-end encrypted, Galperin said user privacy is potentially under threat. At the start of 2018, the company attempted to launch an Initial Coin Offering (ICO) which would enable it to enable payments (and earn the cash that comes from doing so). The initial signals were promising, especially given Telegram’s user base is already fairly crypto-savvy. It raised an initial tranche of cash – worth more than a billion dollars – to help develop the coin before opening sales to the public. Unfortunately, third-party sales of coins bought in those initial fundraising rounds raised the ire of the SEC, which brought the hammer down on the whole operation. In 2020, officials ordered Telegram to pay a fine of $18.5 million and hand back much of the cash that it had raised. Overall, extreme levels of fear in the market seems to have morphed into something more resembling concern. For example, the Cboe Volatility Index fell from its 2022 peak of 36, which it hit Monday, to around 30 on Friday, a sign of easing tensions. Meanwhile, while the price of WTI crude oil slipped from Sunday’s multiyear high $130 of barrel to $109 a pop. Markets have been expecting heavy restrictions on Russian oil, some of which the U.S. has already imposed, and that would reduce the global supply and bring about even more burdensome inflation. Telegram has become more interventionist over time, and has steadily increased its efforts to shut down these accounts. But this has also meant that the company has also engaged with lawmakers more generally, although it maintains that it doesn’t do so willingly. For instance, in September 2021, Telegram reportedly blocked a chat bot in support of (Putin critic) Alexei Navalny during Russia’s most recent parliamentary elections. Pavel Durov was quoted at the time saying that the company was obliged to follow a “legitimate” law of the land. He added that as Apple and Google both follow the law, to violate it would give both platforms a reason to boot the messenger from its stores.
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