Этим летом к 110-летию с начала Первой мировой вышел сборник статей о тех, кто пытался эту войну остановить, — антивоенных левых из разных стран, положивших в швейцарском Циммервальде начало новому интернационалу. Погрузившись в мир внутрипартийных споров, читатель сможет посмотреть на войну глазами членов РСДРП, эсеров и анархистов — и увидеть, как те, кто больше всего боялся последствий военного поражения России, приблизили катастрофу, масштабов которой они себе не могли даже представить.
Этим летом к 110-летию с начала Первой мировой вышел сборник статей о тех, кто пытался эту войну остановить, — антивоенных левых из разных стран, положивших в швейцарском Циммервальде начало новому интернационалу. Погрузившись в мир внутрипартийных споров, читатель сможет посмотреть на войну глазами членов РСДРП, эсеров и анархистов — и увидеть, как те, кто больше всего боялся последствий военного поражения России, приблизили катастрофу, масштабов которой они себе не могли даже представить.
Russians and Ukrainians are both prolific users of Telegram. They rely on the app for channels that act as newsfeeds, group chats (both public and private), and one-to-one communication. Since the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Telegram has remained an important lifeline for both Russians and Ukrainians, as a way of staying aware of the latest news and keeping in touch with loved ones. The channel appears to be part of the broader information war that has developed following Russia's invasion of Ukraine. The Kremlin has paid Russian TikTok influencers to push propaganda, according to a Vice News investigation, while ProPublica found that fake Russian fact check videos had been viewed over a million times on Telegram. On December 23rd, 2020, Pavel Durov posted to his channel that the company would need to start generating revenue. In early 2021, he added that any advertising on the platform would not use user data for targeting, and that it would be focused on “large one-to-many channels.” He pledged that ads would be “non-intrusive” and that most users would simply not notice any change. But Telegram says people want to keep their chat history when they get a new phone, and they like having a data backup that will sync their chats across multiple devices. And that is why they let people choose whether they want their messages to be encrypted or not. When not turned on, though, chats are stored on Telegram's services, which are scattered throughout the world. But it has "disclosed 0 bytes of user data to third parties, including governments," Telegram states on its website. Since its launch in 2013, Telegram has grown from a simple messaging app to a broadcast network. Its user base isn’t as vast as WhatsApp’s, and its broadcast platform is a fraction the size of Twitter, but it’s nonetheless showing its use. While Telegram has been embroiled in controversy for much of its life, it has become a vital source of communication during the invasion of Ukraine. But, if all of this is new to you, let us explain, dear friends, what on Earth a Telegram is meant to be, and why you should, or should not, need to care.
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