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Π—Π° послСдниС двСсти Π»Π΅Ρ‚ дСмография Π‘Π΅ΠΉΡ€ΡƒΡ‚Π° измСнилась Π΄ΠΎ нСузнаваСмости. Π’ сСрСдинС XIX Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ стал Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π³ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌ, административным ΠΈ ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ Османской ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈ, Π² ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ΠΌ-Ρ‚ΠΎ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π² арабском ΠΌΠΈΡ€Π΅. Π’ началС…
Π­Ρ‚ΠΈ дСмографичСскиС трансформации Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ составу городского совСта Π‘Π΅ΠΉΡ€ΡƒΡ‚Π° Π² 1868-1908 Π³Π³., Π΅Ρ‰Ρ‘ Π² Османской ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ. Π’ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄Π΅ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΈΡ€Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΊΠ²ΠΎΡ‚Π°ΠΌ (сСйчас, кстати, Π½Π° мСстных Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ… Π² Π‘Π΅ΠΉΡ€ΡƒΡ‚Π΅ ΠΊΠ²ΠΎΡ‚ Π½Π΅Ρ‚). Π’ 1868 Π³. ΠΈΠ· 50 Π΄Π΅ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ лишь пятСро; Π½ΠΎ ΡƒΠΆΠ΅ Π² 1874 ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠ²ΠΎΡ‚Ρƒ ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 14 ΠΈΠ· 53, ΠΈ, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, маронитских Π΄Π΅ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² стало большС, Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ православных (9 Π² 1874-78 Π³Π³.). Π’ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ дСсятилСтия баланс сил ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ православными ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°Π» ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ.

А Π² 1879 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ маронитских Π΄Π΅ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² становится Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ большС (19), Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ суннитских (14). Π­Ρ‚Π° тСндСнция сохраняСтся Π΄ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π° 1880-Ρ…, Π½ΠΎ с 1889 Π³. ΠΊΠ²ΠΎΡ‚Π° для суннитов вновь ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ Π΄ΠΎΠ» ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ², ΠΈ суннитов становится большС Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄ΠΎ 1908 Π³. Π’ 1904–08 Π³. Π΄Π΅ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²-ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ² снова Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Ρ‚ΠΈ ΡΡ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅, сколько ΠΈ суннитов.

Ваблица из книги Jens Hanssen, Fin de Siècle Beirut: The Making of an Ottoman Provincial Capital



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Π­Ρ‚ΠΈ дСмографичСскиС трансформации Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ составу городского совСта Π‘Π΅ΠΉΡ€ΡƒΡ‚Π° Π² 1868-1908 Π³Π³., Π΅Ρ‰Ρ‘ Π² Османской ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ. Π’ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄Π΅ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΈΡ€Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΊΠ²ΠΎΡ‚Π°ΠΌ (сСйчас, кстати, Π½Π° мСстных Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ… Π² Π‘Π΅ΠΉΡ€ΡƒΡ‚Π΅ ΠΊΠ²ΠΎΡ‚ Π½Π΅Ρ‚). Π’ 1868 Π³. ΠΈΠ· 50 Π΄Π΅ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ лишь пятСро; Π½ΠΎ ΡƒΠΆΠ΅ Π² 1874 ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠ²ΠΎΡ‚Ρƒ ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 14 ΠΈΠ· 53, ΠΈ, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, маронитских Π΄Π΅ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² стало большС, Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ православных (9 Π² 1874-78 Π³Π³.). Π’ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ дСсятилСтия баланс сил ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ православными ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°Π» ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ.

А Π² 1879 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ маронитских Π΄Π΅ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² становится Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ большС (19), Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ суннитских (14). Π­Ρ‚Π° тСндСнция сохраняСтся Π΄ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π° 1880-Ρ…, Π½ΠΎ с 1889 Π³. ΠΊΠ²ΠΎΡ‚Π° для суннитов вновь ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ Π΄ΠΎΠ» ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ², ΠΈ суннитов становится большС Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄ΠΎ 1908 Π³. Π’ 1904–08 Π³. Π΄Π΅ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²-ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ² снова Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Ρ‚ΠΈ ΡΡ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅, сколько ΠΈ суннитов.

Ваблица из книги Jens Hanssen, Fin de Siècle Beirut: The Making of an Ottoman Provincial Capital

BY Junger OrientalistπŸ•Š




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But Telegram says people want to keep their chat history when they get a new phone, and they like having a data backup that will sync their chats across multiple devices. And that is why they let people choose whether they want their messages to be encrypted or not. When not turned on, though, chats are stored on Telegram's services, which are scattered throughout the world. But it has "disclosed 0 bytes of user data to third parties, including governments," Telegram states on its website. Right now the digital security needs of Russians and Ukrainians are very different, and they lead to very different caveats about how to mitigate the risks associated with using Telegram. For Ukrainians in Ukraine, whose physical safety is at risk because they are in a war zone, digital security is probably not their highest priority. They may value access to news and communication with their loved ones over making sure that all of their communications are encrypted in such a manner that they are indecipherable to Telegram, its employees, or governments with court orders. Telegram has gained a reputation as the β€œsecure” communications app in the post-Soviet states, but whenever you make choices about your digital security, it’s important to start by asking yourself, β€œWhat exactly am I securing? And who am I securing it from?” These questions should inform your decisions about whether you are using the right tool or platform for your digital security needs. Telegram is certainly not the most secure messaging app on the market right now. Its security model requires users to place a great deal of trust in Telegram’s ability to protect user data. For some users, this may be good enough for now. For others, it may be wiser to move to a different platform for certain kinds of high-risk communications. Perpetrators of these scams will create a public group on Telegram to promote these investment packages that are usually accompanied by fake testimonies and sometimes advertised as being Shariah-compliant. Interested investors will be asked to directly message the representatives to begin investing in the various investment packages offered. This provided opportunity to their linked entities to offload their shares at higher prices and make significant profits at the cost of unsuspecting retail investors.
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