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Π‘Π°Π½ΠΈΡ…Π° Амин Π—Π°ΠΊΠΈ Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½-Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‡Π΅ΠΉ Π² Π˜Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ΅. Π’ 1943 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‡ΠΈΠ»Π° ΠœΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ институт Π² Π‘Π°Π³Π΄Π°Π΄Π΅ (Π½Ρ‹Π½Π΅ – Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Багдадского унивСрситСта) ΠΈ стала Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ†Π΅. Π’ ΠΆΡƒΡ€Π½Π°Π»Π΅ НСприкосновСнный запас Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π» ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Ρ‹Π²ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· Π΅Ρ‘ воспоминаний.…
Β«Π‘Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ† Π±Ρ‹Π» ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΡ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ Π² османской Π°Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠΈ, Π° Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌ слуТил Π² иракской. Π’ Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Π΅ монархичСского ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° [Ρ‚.Π΅. Π² 1920-Ρ…] Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π² министСрство просвСщСния, Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π±Ρ€Π°Π»ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ иракского ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π° ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π‘Π°Π³Π΄Π°Π΄Β».

Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° распространённая ΠΊΠ°Ρ€ΡŒΠ΅Ρ€Π½Π°Ρ траСктория. Π‘Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈ политичСской элиты ΠΈ Ρ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² монархичСского Π˜Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ° (1921–1958) Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎ Π±Ρ‹Π²ΡˆΠΈΡ… османских ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΡ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° сторону Арабского восстания (1916).

πŸ“ΈΠœΡƒΡ…Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ°Π΄ Амин Π—Π°ΠΊΠΈ (1924), ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ† Π‘Π°Π½ΠΈΡ…ΠΈ Амин Π—Π°ΠΊΠΈ



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Β«Π‘Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ† Π±Ρ‹Π» ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΡ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ Π² османской Π°Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠΈ, Π° Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌ слуТил Π² иракской. Π’ Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Π΅ монархичСского ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° [Ρ‚.Π΅. Π² 1920-Ρ…] Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π² министСрство просвСщСния, Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π±Ρ€Π°Π»ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ иракского ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π° ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π‘Π°Π³Π΄Π°Π΄Β».

Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° распространённая ΠΊΠ°Ρ€ΡŒΠ΅Ρ€Π½Π°Ρ траСктория. Π‘Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈ политичСской элиты ΠΈ Ρ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² монархичСского Π˜Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ° (1921–1958) Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎ Π±Ρ‹Π²ΡˆΠΈΡ… османских ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΡ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° сторону Арабского восстания (1916).

πŸ“ΈΠœΡƒΡ…Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ°Π΄ Амин Π—Π°ΠΊΠΈ (1924), ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ† Π‘Π°Π½ΠΈΡ…ΠΈ Амин Π—Π°ΠΊΠΈ

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Overall, extreme levels of fear in the market seems to have morphed into something more resembling concern. For example, the Cboe Volatility Index fell from its 2022 peak of 36, which it hit Monday, to around 30 on Friday, a sign of easing tensions. Meanwhile, while the price of WTI crude oil slipped from Sunday’s multiyear high $130 of barrel to $109 a pop. Markets have been expecting heavy restrictions on Russian oil, some of which the U.S. has already imposed, and that would reduce the global supply and bring about even more burdensome inflation. Channels are not fully encrypted, end-to-end. All communications on a Telegram channel can be seen by anyone on the channel and are also visible to Telegram. Telegram may be asked by a government to hand over the communications from a channel. Telegram has a history of standing up to Russian government requests for data, but how comfortable you are relying on that history to predict future behavior is up to you. Because Telegram has this data, it may also be stolen by hackers or leaked by an internal employee. One thing that Telegram now offers to all users is the ability to β€œdisappear” messages or set remote deletion deadlines. That enables users to have much more control over how long people can access what you’re sending them. Given that Russian law enforcement officials are reportedly (via Insider) stopping people in the street and demanding to read their text messages, this could be vital to protect individuals from reprisals. Russian President Vladimir Putin launched Russia's invasion of Ukraine in the early-morning hours of February 24, targeting several key cities with military strikes. Telegram has gained a reputation as the β€œsecure” communications app in the post-Soviet states, but whenever you make choices about your digital security, it’s important to start by asking yourself, β€œWhat exactly am I securing? And who am I securing it from?” These questions should inform your decisions about whether you are using the right tool or platform for your digital security needs. Telegram is certainly not the most secure messaging app on the market right now. Its security model requires users to place a great deal of trust in Telegram’s ability to protect user data. For some users, this may be good enough for now. For others, it may be wiser to move to a different platform for certain kinds of high-risk communications.
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