Экономики Африки развиваются неоднозначно: в некоторых странах, таких как Мадагаскар, Зимбабве и Бурунди, доходы снизились за последние десятилетия.
Однако девять африканских стран добились значительного экономического роста — средние доходы населения там выросли более чем вдвое с 1990 года. Это привело к снижению уровня крайней нищеты и детской смертности.
Экономики Африки развиваются неоднозначно: в некоторых странах, таких как Мадагаскар, Зимбабве и Бурунди, доходы снизились за последние десятилетия.
Однако девять африканских стран добились значительного экономического роста — средние доходы населения там выросли более чем вдвое с 1990 года. Это привело к снижению уровня крайней нищеты и детской смертности.
"There is a significant risk of insider threat or hacking of Telegram systems that could expose all of these chats to the Russian government," said Eva Galperin with the Electronic Frontier Foundation, which has called for Telegram to improve its privacy practices. "The argument from Telegram is, 'You should trust us because we tell you that we're trustworthy,'" Maréchal said. "It's really in the eye of the beholder whether that's something you want to buy into." At the start of 2018, the company attempted to launch an Initial Coin Offering (ICO) which would enable it to enable payments (and earn the cash that comes from doing so). The initial signals were promising, especially given Telegram’s user base is already fairly crypto-savvy. It raised an initial tranche of cash – worth more than a billion dollars – to help develop the coin before opening sales to the public. Unfortunately, third-party sales of coins bought in those initial fundraising rounds raised the ire of the SEC, which brought the hammer down on the whole operation. In 2020, officials ordered Telegram to pay a fine of $18.5 million and hand back much of the cash that it had raised. Oh no. There’s a certain degree of myth-making around what exactly went on, so take everything that follows lightly. Telegram was originally launched as a side project by the Durov brothers, with Nikolai handling the coding and Pavel as CEO, while both were at VK. "There are several million Russians who can lift their head up from propaganda and try to look for other sources, and I'd say that most look for it on Telegram," he said.
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