#Neurosurgery
You are seeing a 55-year-old patient back in fol low-up 3 months after a gross total resection of a glioblastoma of the right frontal lobe. She has un dergone 60 Gy XRT and TMZ chemotherapy. Her tumor demonstrated MGMT promoter methyl ation. On her MRI there is evidence of a contrast enhancing nodule in the resection cavity.
You are seeing a 55-year-old patient back in fol low-up 3 months after a gross total resection of a glioblastoma of the right frontal lobe. She has un dergone 60 Gy XRT and TMZ chemotherapy. Her tumor demonstrated MGMT promoter methyl ation. On her MRI there is evidence of a contrast enhancing nodule in the resection cavity.
What is the likely cause of this finding?
Anonymous Quiz
15%
Postoperative blood products
23%
Tumor recurrence
58%
Pseudoprogression
4%
Ischemic stroke
🧠 Pseudoprogression
In MGMT promoter methylated GBM patients, contrast enhancement can be seen at roughly 3 months post gross total resection and Stupp reg imen. It is consistent with pseudoprogression and often decreases on subsequent imaging and symp toms can resolve with steroids. It is associated with radiation kill of the tumor. At this time there are no definitive imaging studies that can prove pseu doprogression vs tumor recurrence, but this is an active area of research.
🔎Source:
- Further Reading: Greenberg. Handbook of Neuro surgery. 8th edition, 2016, page 623.
#MCQ #Neurosurgery
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In MGMT promoter methylated GBM patients, contrast enhancement can be seen at roughly 3 months post gross total resection and Stupp reg imen. It is consistent with pseudoprogression and often decreases on subsequent imaging and symp toms can resolve with steroids. It is associated with radiation kill of the tumor. At this time there are no definitive imaging studies that can prove pseu doprogression vs tumor recurrence, but this is an active area of research.
🔎Source:
- Further Reading: Greenberg. Handbook of Neuro surgery. 8th edition, 2016, page 623.
#MCQ #Neurosurgery
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BRAINet
🧠 Brainet is Recruiting New Members! 🌍🔬 Are you passionate about neuroscience and eager to contribute to a dynamic research community? BRAINet Research & Executive Group is now accepting new members! 🚀 We are looking for students, researchers, and enthusiasts…
🚨 Deadline Extended! 🚨
Good news! We've extended the application deadline for BRAINet Research & Executive Group Membership by 3 more days! ⏳✨
📅 New Deadline: March 4th, 2025
Don't miss this opportunity to join our growing neuroscience community! Apply now and be part of something impactful.
🔗 Apply here: Google Form Link
For any questions, feel free to reach out! 🧠💡
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Good news! We've extended the application deadline for BRAINet Research & Executive Group Membership by 3 more days! ⏳✨
📅 New Deadline: March 4th, 2025
Don't miss this opportunity to join our growing neuroscience community! Apply now and be part of something impactful.
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For any questions, feel free to reach out! 🧠💡
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BRAINet
🧠 Brainet is Recruiting New Members! 🌍🔬 Are you passionate about neuroscience and eager to contribute to a dynamic research community? BRAINet Research & Executive Group is now accepting new members! 🚀 We are looking for students, researchers, and enthusiasts…
🚀 BRAINet Membership Application – Next Steps 🚀
The application deadline has passed, and we are truly grateful for the overwhelming interest and enthusiasm from all applicants! 🧠✨
We are now in the process of reviewing the submissions, and in the coming days, we will be reaching out to selected applicants to schedule interviews. Stay tuned for further updates!
Thank you for your dedication to neuroscience research and innovation!
we’re excited to build the future of BRAINet together! 💡🔬
#BRAINet #Neuroscience #Research #Collaboration
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The application deadline has passed, and we are truly grateful for the overwhelming interest and enthusiasm from all applicants! 🧠✨
We are now in the process of reviewing the submissions, and in the coming days, we will be reaching out to selected applicants to schedule interviews. Stay tuned for further updates!
Thank you for your dedication to neuroscience research and innovation!
we’re excited to build the future of BRAINet together! 💡🔬
#BRAINet #Neuroscience #Research #Collaboration
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#Neuroimaging
An 85-year-old man with poorly controlled diabetes undergoes a biopsy of a frontal lobe mass that appears to be arising from the floor of the anterior fossa. Intraoperative picture is below.
An 85-year-old man with poorly controlled diabetes undergoes a biopsy of a frontal lobe mass that appears to be arising from the floor of the anterior fossa. Intraoperative picture is below.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
Anonymous Quiz
24%
Glioblastoma
18%
Aspergillus infection
50%
Mucormycosis infection
9%
Hemangioblastoma
🧠 Mucormycosis infection
🖊 This picture demonstrates a frontal lobe mass that appears to be emanating from the floor of the anterior fossa, possibly from the paranasal sinuses. In the setting of uncontrolled diabetes, mucormycosis is the most likely diagnosis and is highly fatal.
🖊 Mucormycosis is an opportunistic fungal infection of the zygomycete family that can cause various types of infections. In most cases, there exist underlying conditions that predispose the hosts to the infection. As the fungi responsible are typical environmental organisms, they are usually non-pathologic in immunocompetent individuals. In immunosuppressed patients, however, these otherwise innocuous organisms can become a devastating and difficult-to-treat opportunistic infection. There are several clinical forms of infection: pulmonary, gastrointestinal, cutaneous, encephalic, and rhinocerebral. The latter must be differentiated from allergic fungal sinusitis, which is a non-invasive, local overgrowth in immunocompetent patients. Mucormycosis is characterized by tissue necrosis due to an invasion of blood vessels and subsequent thrombosis, which usually follows a rapid progression. The key to treatment is early and aggressive surgical debridement, along with high doses of intravenous antifungal therapy
🔎Source:
- Psaaros. The Definitive Neurosurgical Board Review, page 124.
- Hall, Kim. Neurosurgical Infectious Disease, 2014, fungal infections of the central nervous system.
Binder U, Maurer E, Lass-Flörl C. Mucormycosis--from the pathogens to the disease. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014 Jun;20 Suppl 6:60-6.
#MCQ #Neuroimaging
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🖊 This picture demonstrates a frontal lobe mass that appears to be emanating from the floor of the anterior fossa, possibly from the paranasal sinuses. In the setting of uncontrolled diabetes, mucormycosis is the most likely diagnosis and is highly fatal.
🖊 Mucormycosis is an opportunistic fungal infection of the zygomycete family that can cause various types of infections. In most cases, there exist underlying conditions that predispose the hosts to the infection. As the fungi responsible are typical environmental organisms, they are usually non-pathologic in immunocompetent individuals. In immunosuppressed patients, however, these otherwise innocuous organisms can become a devastating and difficult-to-treat opportunistic infection. There are several clinical forms of infection: pulmonary, gastrointestinal, cutaneous, encephalic, and rhinocerebral. The latter must be differentiated from allergic fungal sinusitis, which is a non-invasive, local overgrowth in immunocompetent patients. Mucormycosis is characterized by tissue necrosis due to an invasion of blood vessels and subsequent thrombosis, which usually follows a rapid progression. The key to treatment is early and aggressive surgical debridement, along with high doses of intravenous antifungal therapy
🔎Source:
- Psaaros. The Definitive Neurosurgical Board Review, page 124.
- Hall, Kim. Neurosurgical Infectious Disease, 2014, fungal infections of the central nervous system.
Binder U, Maurer E, Lass-Flörl C. Mucormycosis--from the pathogens to the disease. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014 Jun;20 Suppl 6:60-6.
#MCQ #Neuroimaging
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Which nerve is affected?
Anonymous Quiz
33%
Axillary nerve
13%
Musculocutaneous nerve
13%
Dorsal scapular nerve
42%
Suprascapular nerve
#Neuroanatomy
You are evaluating a patient who had an upper respiratory tract illness 1 week ago. Two days after his symptoms resolved, he had the onset of severe right shoulder pain followed 24 hours later by weakness of shoulder abduction for the first 15 degrees and some weakness of external rotation.
You are evaluating a patient who had an upper respiratory tract illness 1 week ago. Two days after his symptoms resolved, he had the onset of severe right shoulder pain followed 24 hours later by weakness of shoulder abduction for the first 15 degrees and some weakness of external rotation.
🧠 Suprascapular nerve
🖊 The suprascapular nerve branches off the upper trunk and innervates the supraspinatous and infraspinatous muscles, responsible for initial shoulder abduction and external rotation. The patient likely has idiopathic brachial plexitis, or Parsonage-Turner syndrome.
🔎Further Reading:
- Psaaros. The definitive neurosurgical board review, page 60.
- Russell. Examination of Peripheral Nerve Injuries: An Anatomical Approach, 2015, brachial plexus anatomy.
#MCQ #Neuroanatomy
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🖊 The suprascapular nerve branches off the upper trunk and innervates the supraspinatous and infraspinatous muscles, responsible for initial shoulder abduction and external rotation. The patient likely has idiopathic brachial plexitis, or Parsonage-Turner syndrome.
🔎Further Reading:
- Psaaros. The definitive neurosurgical board review, page 60.
- Russell. Examination of Peripheral Nerve Injuries: An Anatomical Approach, 2015, brachial plexus anatomy.
#MCQ #Neuroanatomy
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Happy Nowrouz🪻
Nowrouz – or “new day” in English – is the Iranian new year. Celebrated at the exact moment of the spring equinox, this is a secular festival with roots that go back over 3,000 years ✨️
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Nowrouz – or “new day” in English – is the Iranian new year. Celebrated at the exact moment of the spring equinox, this is a secular festival with roots that go back over 3,000 years ✨️
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🧠 National Down Syndrome Awareness Day (21th March)
🎯 Down syndrome is a condition in which a person has an extra copy of chromosome 21. Chromosomes are small "packages" of genes in the body's cells, which determine how the body forms and functions.
🎯 When babies are growing, the extra chromosome changes how their body and brain develop. This can cause both physical and mental challenges.
🎯 People with Down syndrome often have developmental challenges, such as being slower to learn to speak than other children.
🎯 Distinct physical signs of Down syndrome are usually present at birth and become more apparent as the baby grows. They can include facial features, such as:
- A flattened face, especially the bridge of the nose
- Almond-shaped eyes that slant up
- A tongue that tends to stick out of the mouth
🔎 Source:
Down Syndrome, CDC
#special_day
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🎯 Down syndrome is a condition in which a person has an extra copy of chromosome 21. Chromosomes are small "packages" of genes in the body's cells, which determine how the body forms and functions.
🎯 When babies are growing, the extra chromosome changes how their body and brain develop. This can cause both physical and mental challenges.
🎯 People with Down syndrome often have developmental challenges, such as being slower to learn to speak than other children.
🎯 Distinct physical signs of Down syndrome are usually present at birth and become more apparent as the baby grows. They can include facial features, such as:
- A flattened face, especially the bridge of the nose
- Almond-shaped eyes that slant up
- A tongue that tends to stick out of the mouth
🔎 Source:
Down Syndrome, CDC
#special_day
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🧠 Purple Day for Epilepsy Awareness (26th March)
🎯 Epilepsy is a long-term (chronic) disease that causes repeated seizures due to abnormal electrical signals produced by damaged brain cells.
🎯 A burst of uncontrolled electrical activity within brain cells causes a seizure.
🎯 Seizures can include changes to your awareness, muscle control (your muscles may twitch or jerk), sensations, emotions and behavior.
🎯Epilepsy is also called a seizure disorder.
🎯 Anyone, of any age, race or sex, can develop epilepsy.
🔎 Source:
Epilepsy, cleveland clinic
#special_day
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🎯 Epilepsy is a long-term (chronic) disease that causes repeated seizures due to abnormal electrical signals produced by damaged brain cells.
🎯 A burst of uncontrolled electrical activity within brain cells causes a seizure.
🎯 Seizures can include changes to your awareness, muscle control (your muscles may twitch or jerk), sensations, emotions and behavior.
🎯Epilepsy is also called a seizure disorder.
🎯 Anyone, of any age, race or sex, can develop epilepsy.
🔎 Source:
Epilepsy, cleveland clinic
#special_day
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🧠 World Bipolar Day (30th March)
🎯 Bipolar disorder, formerly called manic depression, is a mental health condition that causes extreme mood swings. These include emotional highs, also known as mania or hypomania, and lows, also known as depression. Hypomania is less extreme than mania.
🎯When you become depressed, you may feel sad or hopeless and lose interest or pleasure in most activities. When your mood shifts to mania or hypomania, you may feel very excited and happy (euphoric), full of energy or unusually irritable. These mood swings can affect sleep, energy, activity, judgment, behavior and the ability to think clearly.
🔎 Source:
Bipolar disorder, Mayo Clinic
#special_day
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🎯 Bipolar disorder, formerly called manic depression, is a mental health condition that causes extreme mood swings. These include emotional highs, also known as mania or hypomania, and lows, also known as depression. Hypomania is less extreme than mania.
🎯When you become depressed, you may feel sad or hopeless and lose interest or pleasure in most activities. When your mood shifts to mania or hypomania, you may feel very excited and happy (euphoric), full of energy or unusually irritable. These mood swings can affect sleep, energy, activity, judgment, behavior and the ability to think clearly.
🔎 Source:
Bipolar disorder, Mayo Clinic
#special_day
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