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Русские бомбарды XVI века. Автор рисунка — Андрей Березин.
Слева направо: Пушка «Царь» (калибр 890 мм), отлита в 1586 г. , мастер Андрей Чохов. Пушка «Павлин» (калибр 610 мм), 1555 г. , мастер Степан Петров. «Кашпирова пушка» (калибр 660 мм), 1554 г., мастер Кашпир Ганусов.
За основу реконструкции «Павлина» и «Кашпировой пушки» взяты описи Пушкарского приказа 1694 и 1695 гг. Обе бомбарды приняли участие во взятии Полоцка в 1563 году. В 1701 году они, как и еще ряд других орудий, были переплавлены.
Русские бомбарды XVI века. Автор рисунка — Андрей Березин.
Слева направо: Пушка «Царь» (калибр 890 мм), отлита в 1586 г. , мастер Андрей Чохов. Пушка «Павлин» (калибр 610 мм), 1555 г. , мастер Степан Петров. «Кашпирова пушка» (калибр 660 мм), 1554 г., мастер Кашпир Ганусов.
За основу реконструкции «Павлина» и «Кашпировой пушки» взяты описи Пушкарского приказа 1694 и 1695 гг. Обе бомбарды приняли участие во взятии Полоцка в 1563 году. В 1701 году они, как и еще ряд других орудий, были переплавлены.
Telegram has become more interventionist over time, and has steadily increased its efforts to shut down these accounts. But this has also meant that the company has also engaged with lawmakers more generally, although it maintains that it doesn’t do so willingly. For instance, in September 2021, Telegram reportedly blocked a chat bot in support of (Putin critic) Alexei Navalny during Russia’s most recent parliamentary elections. Pavel Durov was quoted at the time saying that the company was obliged to follow a “legitimate” law of the land. He added that as Apple and Google both follow the law, to violate it would give both platforms a reason to boot the messenger from its stores. Telegram, which does little policing of its content, has also became a hub for Russian propaganda and misinformation. Many pro-Kremlin channels have become popular, alongside accounts of journalists and other independent observers. He floated the idea of restricting the use of Telegram in Ukraine and Russia, a suggestion that was met with fierce opposition from users. Shortly after, Durov backed off the idea. Channels are not fully encrypted, end-to-end. All communications on a Telegram channel can be seen by anyone on the channel and are also visible to Telegram. Telegram may be asked by a government to hand over the communications from a channel. Telegram has a history of standing up to Russian government requests for data, but how comfortable you are relying on that history to predict future behavior is up to you. Because Telegram has this data, it may also be stolen by hackers or leaked by an internal employee. Unlike Silicon Valley giants such as Facebook and Twitter, which run very public anti-disinformation programs, Brooking said: "Telegram is famously lax or absent in its content moderation policy."
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