ронен стейнберг, пишущий о великой французской революции (не путать с марком стейнбергом, пишущим о русской революции 1917 года), обращает наше внимание на то, что некоторые врачи практиковали шоковую терапию еще в конце восемнадцатого века:
In 1777 for example, the English medical student Thomas Perberton recounted the case of a young, depressed girl who refused to get out of bed or cooperate with her doctors. Her physician then left the room, undressed, and proceeded to jump, naked, into the girl's bed. She in turn jumped out in a panic and, we are told, was subsequently cured of her melancholy. One of the major theoreticians of vitalism, the physician Bordeu from Montpellier ... developed a "therapeutics of perturbation" whereby terror and pain would be used in order to induce a state of "crisis" that could cure patients by jolting their sensibilities.
R. Steinberg, "Trauma and the effects of mass violence in revolutionary France: A critical inquiry," Réflexions historiques 2015, p. 35
ронен стейнберг, пишущий о великой французской революции (не путать с марком стейнбергом, пишущим о русской революции 1917 года), обращает наше внимание на то, что некоторые врачи практиковали шоковую терапию еще в конце восемнадцатого века:
In 1777 for example, the English medical student Thomas Perberton recounted the case of a young, depressed girl who refused to get out of bed or cooperate with her doctors. Her physician then left the room, undressed, and proceeded to jump, naked, into the girl's bed. She in turn jumped out in a panic and, we are told, was subsequently cured of her melancholy. One of the major theoreticians of vitalism, the physician Bordeu from Montpellier ... developed a "therapeutics of perturbation" whereby terror and pain would be used in order to induce a state of "crisis" that could cure patients by jolting their sensibilities.
R. Steinberg, "Trauma and the effects of mass violence in revolutionary France: A critical inquiry," Réflexions historiques 2015, p. 35
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In February 2014, the Ukrainian people ousted pro-Russian president Viktor Yanukovych, prompting Russia to invade and annex the Crimean peninsula. By the start of April, Pavel Durov had given his notice, with TechCrunch saying at the time that the CEO had resisted pressure to suppress pages criticizing the Russian government. False news often spreads via public groups, or chats, with potentially fatal effects. Asked about its stance on disinformation, Telegram spokesperson Remi Vaughn told AFP: "As noted by our CEO, the sheer volume of information being shared on channels makes it extremely difficult to verify, so it's important that users double-check what they read." This ability to mix the public and the private, as well as the ability to use bots to engage with users has proved to be problematic. In early 2021, a database selling phone numbers pulled from Facebook was selling numbers for $20 per lookup. Similarly, security researchers found a network of deepfake bots on the platform that were generating images of people submitted by users to create non-consensual imagery, some of which involved children. The next bit isn’t clear, but Durov reportedly claimed that his resignation, dated March 21st, was an April Fools’ prank. TechCrunch implies that it was a matter of principle, but it’s hard to be clear on the wheres, whos and whys. Similarly, on April 17th, the Moscow Times quoted Durov as saying that he quit the company after being pressured to reveal account details about Ukrainians protesting the then-president Viktor Yanukovych.
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