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Смотритель вакфа, опекун умалишенного, опекун сироты, исполнитель завещания (душеприказчик), правитель и его заместители – все они являются уакилями, которым шари'ат разрешил распоряжаться имуществом другого. Из этого следует, что на них распространяются все постановления, которые лежат на уакиле (некоторые из них упомянуты выше, а некоторые будут опубликованы ниже).
Смотритель вакфа, опекун умалишенного, опекун сироты, исполнитель завещания (душеприказчик), правитель и его заместители – все они являются уакилями, которым шари'ат разрешил распоряжаться имуществом другого. Из этого следует, что на них распространяются все постановления, которые лежат на уакиле (некоторые из них упомянуты выше, а некоторые будут опубликованы ниже).
Right now the digital security needs of Russians and Ukrainians are very different, and they lead to very different caveats about how to mitigate the risks associated with using Telegram. For Ukrainians in Ukraine, whose physical safety is at risk because they are in a war zone, digital security is probably not their highest priority. They may value access to news and communication with their loved ones over making sure that all of their communications are encrypted in such a manner that they are indecipherable to Telegram, its employees, or governments with court orders. For Oleksandra Tsekhanovska, head of the Hybrid Warfare Analytical Group at the Kyiv-based Ukraine Crisis Media Center, the effects are both near- and far-reaching. Telegram has become more interventionist over time, and has steadily increased its efforts to shut down these accounts. But this has also meant that the company has also engaged with lawmakers more generally, although it maintains that it doesn’t do so willingly. For instance, in September 2021, Telegram reportedly blocked a chat bot in support of (Putin critic) Alexei Navalny during Russia’s most recent parliamentary elections. Pavel Durov was quoted at the time saying that the company was obliged to follow a “legitimate” law of the land. He added that as Apple and Google both follow the law, to violate it would give both platforms a reason to boot the messenger from its stores. Such instructions could actually endanger people — citizens receive air strike warnings via smartphone alerts. Ukrainian forces have since put up a strong resistance to the Russian troops amid the war that has left hundreds of Ukrainian civilians, including children, dead, according to the United Nations. Ukrainian and international officials have accused Russia of targeting civilian populations with shelling and bombardments.
from es
