Родион Белькович в Нижнем Новгороде. Запись лекции «Естественное право и естественный закон»
Противники государства нередко противопоставляют произвольности властных предписаний естественный характер неотъемлемых и неотчуждаемых прав человека. Вместе с тем, практически все современные режимы отсылают в своих фундаментальных конституционных актах именно к тем самым «естественным правам».
Но что мы понимаем под «естественным»? Может ли оно состоять в наборе прав? Следует ли вообще стремиться к естественному?
Родион Белькович в Нижнем Новгороде. Запись лекции «Естественное право и естественный закон»
Противники государства нередко противопоставляют произвольности властных предписаний естественный характер неотъемлемых и неотчуждаемых прав человека. Вместе с тем, практически все современные режимы отсылают в своих фундаментальных конституционных актах именно к тем самым «естественным правам».
Но что мы понимаем под «естественным»? Может ли оно состоять в наборе прав? Следует ли вообще стремиться к естественному?
Telegram does offer end-to-end encrypted communications through Secret Chats, but this is not the default setting. Standard conversations use the MTProto method, enabling server-client encryption but with them stored on the server for ease-of-access. This makes using Telegram across multiple devices simple, but also means that the regular Telegram chats you’re having with folks are not as secure as you may believe. Given the pro-privacy stance of the platform, it’s taken as a given that it’ll be used for a number of reasons, not all of them good. And Telegram has been attached to a fair few scandals related to terrorism, sexual exploitation and crime. Back in 2015, Vox described Telegram as “ISIS’ app of choice,” saying that the platform’s real use is the ability to use channels to distribute material to large groups at once. Telegram has acted to remove public channels affiliated with terrorism, but Pavel Durov reiterated that he had no business snooping on private conversations. Channels are not fully encrypted, end-to-end. All communications on a Telegram channel can be seen by anyone on the channel and are also visible to Telegram. Telegram may be asked by a government to hand over the communications from a channel. Telegram has a history of standing up to Russian government requests for data, but how comfortable you are relying on that history to predict future behavior is up to you. Because Telegram has this data, it may also be stolen by hackers or leaked by an internal employee. Just days after Russia invaded Ukraine, Durov wrote that Telegram was "increasingly becoming a source of unverified information," and he worried about the app being used to "incite ethnic hatred." But Telegram says people want to keep their chat history when they get a new phone, and they like having a data backup that will sync their chats across multiple devices. And that is why they let people choose whether they want their messages to be encrypted or not. When not turned on, though, chats are stored on Telegram's services, which are scattered throughout the world. But it has "disclosed 0 bytes of user data to third parties, including governments," Telegram states on its website.
from es
