مطالعات بالینی و اپیدمیولوژیک را می توان به مطالعات مداخله ای و مشاهده ای متمایز کرد. مطالعات مداخله ای مستقیماً در زندگی شرکت کنندگان در مطالعه مداخله می کند. برخی از شرکت کنندگان در مطالعه یک "مداخله" دریافت می کنند، که می تواند، برای مثال، یک دارو یا روش جراحی جدید باشد.
مطالعات بالینی و اپیدمیولوژیک را می توان به مطالعات مداخله ای و مشاهده ای متمایز کرد. مطالعات مداخله ای مستقیماً در زندگی شرکت کنندگان در مطالعه مداخله می کند. برخی از شرکت کنندگان در مطالعه یک "مداخله" دریافت می کنند، که می تواند، برای مثال، یک دارو یا روش جراحی جدید باشد.
The Security Service of Ukraine said in a tweet that it was able to effectively target Russian convoys near Kyiv because of messages sent to an official Telegram bot account called "STOP Russian War." Telegram does offer end-to-end encrypted communications through Secret Chats, but this is not the default setting. Standard conversations use the MTProto method, enabling server-client encryption but with them stored on the server for ease-of-access. This makes using Telegram across multiple devices simple, but also means that the regular Telegram chats you’re having with folks are not as secure as you may believe. Telegram was co-founded by Pavel and Nikolai Durov, the brothers who had previously created VKontakte. VK is Russia’s equivalent of Facebook, a social network used for public and private messaging, audio and video sharing as well as online gaming. In January, SimpleWeb reported that VK was Russia’s fourth most-visited website, after Yandex, YouTube and Google’s Russian-language homepage. In 2016, Forbes’ Michael Solomon described Pavel Durov (pictured, below) as the “Mark Zuckerberg of Russia.” But the Ukraine Crisis Media Center's Tsekhanovska points out that communications are often down in zones most affected by the war, making this sort of cross-referencing a luxury many cannot afford. "And that set off kind of a battle royale for control of the platform that Durov eventually lost," said Nathalie Maréchal of the Washington advocacy group Ranking Digital Rights.
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