يعتقِد الكثير من النّاس أنّ للإنسان عقلان، هما: العقل الواعي، والعقل اللّاواعي أو ما يُسمّى #العقل_الباطِن، وهذا الاعتقاد خاطئ؛ فكلّ شخصٍ يملِك عقلاً واحداً لكنّه يَقوم بِوَظيفتَين مختلفتَين، وللتّمييز بين هاتين الوظيفتَين استُخدمت تسميتان، وهما:
يعتقِد الكثير من النّاس أنّ للإنسان عقلان، هما: العقل الواعي، والعقل اللّاواعي أو ما يُسمّى #العقل_الباطِن، وهذا الاعتقاد خاطئ؛ فكلّ شخصٍ يملِك عقلاً واحداً لكنّه يَقوم بِوَظيفتَين مختلفتَين، وللتّمييز بين هاتين الوظيفتَين استُخدمت تسميتان، وهما:
This provided opportunity to their linked entities to offload their shares at higher prices and make significant profits at the cost of unsuspecting retail investors. Telegram has become more interventionist over time, and has steadily increased its efforts to shut down these accounts. But this has also meant that the company has also engaged with lawmakers more generally, although it maintains that it doesn’t do so willingly. For instance, in September 2021, Telegram reportedly blocked a chat bot in support of (Putin critic) Alexei Navalny during Russia’s most recent parliamentary elections. Pavel Durov was quoted at the time saying that the company was obliged to follow a “legitimate” law of the land. He added that as Apple and Google both follow the law, to violate it would give both platforms a reason to boot the messenger from its stores. Either way, Durov says that he withdrew his resignation but that he was ousted from his company anyway. Subsequently, control of the company was reportedly handed to oligarchs Alisher Usmanov and Igor Sechin, both allegedly close associates of Russian leader Vladimir Putin. Telegram was co-founded by Pavel and Nikolai Durov, the brothers who had previously created VKontakte. VK is Russia’s equivalent of Facebook, a social network used for public and private messaging, audio and video sharing as well as online gaming. In January, SimpleWeb reported that VK was Russia’s fourth most-visited website, after Yandex, YouTube and Google’s Russian-language homepage. In 2016, Forbes’ Michael Solomon described Pavel Durov (pictured, below) as the “Mark Zuckerberg of Russia.” At the start of 2018, the company attempted to launch an Initial Coin Offering (ICO) which would enable it to enable payments (and earn the cash that comes from doing so). The initial signals were promising, especially given Telegram’s user base is already fairly crypto-savvy. It raised an initial tranche of cash – worth more than a billion dollars – to help develop the coin before opening sales to the public. Unfortunately, third-party sales of coins bought in those initial fundraising rounds raised the ire of the SEC, which brought the hammer down on the whole operation. In 2020, officials ordered Telegram to pay a fine of $18.5 million and hand back much of the cash that it had raised.
from fr
