Смотритель вакфа, опекун умалишенного, опекун сироты, исполнитель завещания (душеприказчик), правитель и его заместители – все они являются уакилями, которым шари'ат разрешил распоряжаться имуществом другого. Из этого следует, что на них распространяются все постановления, которые лежат на уакиле (некоторые из них упомянуты выше, а некоторые будут опубликованы ниже).
Смотритель вакфа, опекун умалишенного, опекун сироты, исполнитель завещания (душеприказчик), правитель и его заместители – все они являются уакилями, которым шари'ат разрешил распоряжаться имуществом другого. Из этого следует, что на них распространяются все постановления, которые лежат на уакиле (некоторые из них упомянуты выше, а некоторые будут опубликованы ниже).
But Telegram says people want to keep their chat history when they get a new phone, and they like having a data backup that will sync their chats across multiple devices. And that is why they let people choose whether they want their messages to be encrypted or not. When not turned on, though, chats are stored on Telegram's services, which are scattered throughout the world. But it has "disclosed 0 bytes of user data to third parties, including governments," Telegram states on its website. Telegram was co-founded by Pavel and Nikolai Durov, the brothers who had previously created VKontakte. VK is Russia’s equivalent of Facebook, a social network used for public and private messaging, audio and video sharing as well as online gaming. In January, SimpleWeb reported that VK was Russia’s fourth most-visited website, after Yandex, YouTube and Google’s Russian-language homepage. In 2016, Forbes’ Michael Solomon described Pavel Durov (pictured, below) as the “Mark Zuckerberg of Russia.” In February 2014, the Ukrainian people ousted pro-Russian president Viktor Yanukovych, prompting Russia to invade and annex the Crimean peninsula. By the start of April, Pavel Durov had given his notice, with TechCrunch saying at the time that the CEO had resisted pressure to suppress pages criticizing the Russian government. Some people used the platform to organize ahead of the storming of the U.S. Capitol in January 2021, and last month Senator Mark Warner sent a letter to Durov urging him to curb Russian information operations on Telegram. "There is a significant risk of insider threat or hacking of Telegram systems that could expose all of these chats to the Russian government," said Eva Galperin with the Electronic Frontier Foundation, which has called for Telegram to improve its privacy practices.
from fr
