“The Lord possessed me [Wisdom] at the beginning of His way, Before His works of old. I have been established from everlasting, From the beginning, before there was ever an earth. When there were no depths I was brought forth… When He prepared the heavens, I was there,” (Prv. 8)

"[W]hen a terrified conscience asks how we may be justified, it does not ask what virtues we possess, but how we can receive forgiveness and reconciliation with God. It is worried about the will of God toward us; it does not contemplate its own virtues, and does not oppose them to the judgment of God. Therefore those who interpret justification as infusion of virtues do not notice that the question here is about the forgiveness of sins, and about peace of conscience in the sight of God, or about reconciliation. We are asking how we may be justified, i.e., when we may have remission of sins, and why it can be said that God is favorable toward us." - Philip Melanchthon, Comm. on Rom., Intro.

Quick rundown:

-Naming Peter “rock” is a title of honor being under God not of power (see how God renames the patriarchs)
-The rock of Peter is his faith and ministry in Christ not in his own humanity (see Origen, Cyprian, Augustine, Hilary, Bede, Chrysostom)
-This is a ministry bound in faith not lineage or location like the Levites
-The keys of heaven are given to all the apostles not just Peter (John 20:21-23)
-The apostles are all sent without distinction (John 20:21)
-Confirming new disciples/apostles never required Peter’s approval (Paul, Timothy, Titus)
-works of ministers are all equally under God (1 Cor 3:6)
-A minister’s authority is invalidated by false doctrine because one obeys God not man (Gal 1:8, Acts 5:29, 2 John 1:10)
-This is not Donatism since it has nothing to do with the validity of sacraments. The sacraments comes through God’s Word not the minister’s power
-Unlike Peter, the Roman Papacy is the Antichrist (2 Thes 2:3-4)

For more info see “The Power and Primacy of the Pope”

“The Roman pontiff claims for himself that he is ‹supreme above› all bishops and pastors by divine right.

Second, he adds that by divine right he has both swords, that is, the authority also to enthrone and depose kings‹, regulate secular dominions, and such›.

Third, he says that to believe this is necessary for salvation. For these reasons, the Roman bishop calls himself ‹and boasts that he is› the vicar of Christ on earth.

These three articles we hold to be false, godless, tyrannical, and destructive to the Church.” - Philip Melanchthon the Confessor, Treatise on The Power and Primacy of the Pope (n. 1-4)

"For often our very righteousness itself, when brought to the test of God's righteous eye, proves unrighteousness, and that which is bright in the estimate of the doer, is foul in the Judge's searching sight."
—St. Gregory The Great
Moralia in Job Bk. 5 Ch. 21

Justin Martyr after proving Christianity from many passages of the Old Testament:

“Are you acquainted with them, Trypho? They are contained in your Scriptures, or rather not yours, but ours” - St. Justin Martyr, Dial. 49.2

Bl. Martin Luther, less than two years before his death, in his last work on the Lord's Supper:

"I regard them all [the Sacramentarians] as being cut from the same piece of cloth, as indeed they are. For they do not want to believe that the Lord’s bread in the Supper is his true, natural body which the godless person or Judas receives orally just as well as St. Peter and all the saints. Whoever (I say) does not want to believe that, let him not trouble me with letters, writings, or words and let him not expect to have fellowship with me. This is final." (LW 38, Brief Confession Concerning the Holy Sacrament)

"[T]he sacraments are the visible Word, and therefore what is attributed to the Word ought not to be denied to the sacraments. The Word of God is 'the power of God to salvation for everyone who believes,' Romans 1:16. It is the efficacious means and instrument through which God works faith unto salvation in hearts, Romans 10:17; 1 Timothy 4:16. So also baptism is not a bare sign, but an instrument and means through which grace and salvation are offered to us." - Bl. Johann Gerhard, On Baptism (§ 119)

“[I]n this act [of baptism] itself, the work of regeneration and renovation [is accomplished] through this sacrament… not by a separate and peculiar action, but jointly with the water of baptism, and through it by one undivided action,” - Johann Wilhelm Baier, qtd. in Schmid, DT

“Therefore we reject the following errors: […] that not only the mercy of God and the most holy merit of Christ, but also in us there is a cause of God’s election, on account of which God has elected us to everlasting life.” - Bl. Chemnitz et al. (Ep 11.16,20)

"[L]et us follow the direction of Sacred Scripture in the interpretation it gives of itself," for "Sacred Scripture, though, whenever it wants to teach us something like this, gives its own interpretation, and doesn't let the listener go astray." - St. John Chrysostom, Homily 13 on Genesis (n. 8, 13)

Free Lutheran popular commentaries on Romans

From older to newer:
https://books.google.co.zm/books?id=f2VHAAAAYAAJ (Jacobs)
http://www.kretzmannproject.org/DIR_NT_VOL2.htm (Kretzmann)
http://www.genesbrunotes.com/index.php/bible-study-notes (all 66 books have chapter-by-chapter notes from Concordia Self-Study Bible, The Lutheran Study Bible, People's Bible, and other resources)Free Lutheran popular commentaries on Romans

From older to newer:
https://books.google.co.zm/books?id=f2VHAAAAYAAJ (Jacobs)
http://www.kretzmannproject.org/DIR_NT_VOL2.htm (Kretzmann)
http://www.genesbrunotes.com/index.php/bible-study-notes (all 66 books have chapter-by-chapter notes from Concordia Self-Study Bible, The Lutheran Study Bible, People's Bible, and other resources)

Free Bible Study Tools

https://wolfmueller.co/free-bible-study-tools/

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