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Junger OrientalistπŸ•Š
ЛиванскиС Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ·Ρ‹ проходят Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΡƒ Π² Π‘Π‘Π‘Π . Π‘ΠΈΠΌΡ„Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒ, 1978 Π³ΠΎΠ΄. Π‘ 1978 ΠΏΠΎ 1990 Π³Π³. сторонники сСмьи Π”ΠΆΡƒΠΌΠ±Π»Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² (ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-социалистичСская партия, ПБП) ΠΎΠ±ΡƒΡ‡Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ Π² ОдСссС ΠΈ Π‘ΠΈΠΌΡ„Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅. Π‘ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ ΠœΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Ρ‹ ΠΈ Дамаска Π’Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄ Π”ΠΆΡƒΠΌΠ±Π»Π°Ρ‚ пСрСстроил воСнноС…
Β«Π£Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒ Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π²Π΄ΠΎΡ…Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒ Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Β». ΠŸΠ»Π°ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚ (1984) ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-социалистичСской ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΠΈ – ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΏΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡˆΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΠΈ ливанских Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ·ΠΎΠ²

Над Ливанскими Π³ΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π³Π΄Π΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ·Ρ‹, Π²ΠΎΠ·Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Камаль Π”ΠΆΡƒΠΌΠ±Π»Π°Ρ‚ – ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒ (1949) ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ€ ПБП. Π’ 1977 Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡƒΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ сирийскиС спСцслуТбы. Π’ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΡŽ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π³Π»Π°Π²ΠΈΠ» Π΅Π³ΠΎ сын Π’Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄ Π”ΠΆΡƒΠΌΠ±Π»Π°Ρ‚. Π’ 2023 прСдсСдатСлСм ПБП стал сын Π’Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄-бСя, Π’Π΅ΠΉΠΌΡƒΡ€ (Π΄Π΅ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ с 2018).

Π˜Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ПБП Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, Π²Ρ‹ΡΡ‚ΡƒΠΏΠ°Π²ΡˆΠ΅ΠΉ Π·Π° ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Π³Π°Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρƒ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ²ΠΎΡ‚, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π΄Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΈ большС власти христианам (пост ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π° Π·Π°ΠΊΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ»Ρ‘Π½ Π·Π° ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ). Π‘Π°ΠΌ Π”ΠΆΡƒΠΌΠ±Π»Π°Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Π» наслСдником ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ сСмьи ΠΈ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΡ†Π΅ΠΌ, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ выпускником Π‘ΠΎΡ€Π±ΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ. ΠžΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρƒ Π΅Π³ΠΎ элСктората составляли Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ сторонники Π”ΠΆΡƒΠΌΠ±Π»Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½Π΅ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ·ΠΎΠ².

Но ΠΊ Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Ρƒ 1970-Ρ… Π”ΠΆΡƒΠΌΠ±Π»Π°Ρ‚ вступил Π² союз с ΠΊΡ€Π°ΠΉΠ½Π΅-Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ внСпарламСнтской ΠΎΠΏΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ (Π² основном коммунистами ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Π½-арабистами) ΠΈ Π² Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Π΅ граТданской Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ‹ (1975–90) возглавлял ΠΏΡ€ΠΎ-ΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅ΡΡ‚ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΠΊΠΎΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡŽ (ЛНД).



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Β«Π£Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒ Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π²Π΄ΠΎΡ…Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒ Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Β». ΠŸΠ»Π°ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚ (1984) ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-социалистичСской ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΠΈ – ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΏΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡˆΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΠΈ ливанских Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ·ΠΎΠ²

Над Ливанскими Π³ΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π³Π΄Π΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ·Ρ‹, Π²ΠΎΠ·Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Камаль Π”ΠΆΡƒΠΌΠ±Π»Π°Ρ‚ – ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒ (1949) ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ€ ПБП. Π’ 1977 Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡƒΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ сирийскиС спСцслуТбы. Π’ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΡŽ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π³Π»Π°Π²ΠΈΠ» Π΅Π³ΠΎ сын Π’Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄ Π”ΠΆΡƒΠΌΠ±Π»Π°Ρ‚. Π’ 2023 прСдсСдатСлСм ПБП стал сын Π’Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄-бСя, Π’Π΅ΠΉΠΌΡƒΡ€ (Π΄Π΅ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ с 2018).

Π˜Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ПБП Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, Π²Ρ‹ΡΡ‚ΡƒΠΏΠ°Π²ΡˆΠ΅ΠΉ Π·Π° ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Π³Π°Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρƒ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ²ΠΎΡ‚, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π΄Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΈ большС власти христианам (пост ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π° Π·Π°ΠΊΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ»Ρ‘Π½ Π·Π° ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ). Π‘Π°ΠΌ Π”ΠΆΡƒΠΌΠ±Π»Π°Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Π» наслСдником ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ сСмьи ΠΈ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΡ†Π΅ΠΌ, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ выпускником Π‘ΠΎΡ€Π±ΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ. ΠžΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρƒ Π΅Π³ΠΎ элСктората составляли Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ сторонники Π”ΠΆΡƒΠΌΠ±Π»Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½Π΅ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ·ΠΎΠ².

Но ΠΊ Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Ρƒ 1970-Ρ… Π”ΠΆΡƒΠΌΠ±Π»Π°Ρ‚ вступил Π² союз с ΠΊΡ€Π°ΠΉΠ½Π΅-Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ внСпарламСнтской ΠΎΠΏΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ (Π² основном коммунистами ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Π½-арабистами) ΠΈ Π² Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Π΅ граТданской Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ‹ (1975–90) возглавлял ΠΏΡ€ΠΎ-ΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅ΡΡ‚ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΠΊΠΎΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡŽ (ЛНД).

BY Junger OrientalistπŸ•Š





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Meanwhile, a completely redesigned attachment menu appears when sending multiple photos or vides. Users can tap "X selected" (X being the number of items) at the top of the panel to preview how the album will look in the chat when it's sent, as well as rearrange or remove selected media. Update March 8, 2022: EFF has clarified that Channels and Groups are not fully encrypted, end-to-end, updated our post to link to Telegram’s FAQ for Cloud and Secret chats, updated to clarify that auto-delete is available for group and channel admins, and added some additional links. He said that since his platform does not have the capacity to check all channels, it may restrict some in Russia and Ukraine "for the duration of the conflict," but then reversed course hours later after many users complained that Telegram was an important source of information. One thing that Telegram now offers to all users is the ability to β€œdisappear” messages or set remote deletion deadlines. That enables users to have much more control over how long people can access what you’re sending them. Given that Russian law enforcement officials are reportedly (via Insider) stopping people in the street and demanding to read their text messages, this could be vital to protect individuals from reprisals. Telegram has gained a reputation as the β€œsecure” communications app in the post-Soviet states, but whenever you make choices about your digital security, it’s important to start by asking yourself, β€œWhat exactly am I securing? And who am I securing it from?” These questions should inform your decisions about whether you are using the right tool or platform for your digital security needs. Telegram is certainly not the most secure messaging app on the market right now. Its security model requires users to place a great deal of trust in Telegram’s ability to protect user data. For some users, this may be good enough for now. For others, it may be wiser to move to a different platform for certain kinds of high-risk communications.
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