Фрагмент послания золотоордынского хана Улуг-Мухаммеда османскому султану Мураду II. 1428 г.
Надпись на оттиске тамги, выполненном золотыми чернилами, читается с правого нижнего угла внешнего квадрата против часовой стрелки: لا اله الا الله محمد رسول الله من عدل ملک ومن ظلم هلک "Нет божества, кроме Аллаха, Мухаммад - посланник Аллаха. Справедливый царствует, тиранствующий гибнет". Надпись во внутреннем квадрате (читается с левого нижнего угла против часовой стрелки): السلطان العادل محمد خان "Государь правосудный Мухаммед-хан". В центре личная тамга хана в виде трезубца.
Фрагмент послания золотоордынского хана Улуг-Мухаммеда османскому султану Мураду II. 1428 г.
Надпись на оттиске тамги, выполненном золотыми чернилами, читается с правого нижнего угла внешнего квадрата против часовой стрелки: لا اله الا الله محمد رسول الله من عدل ملک ومن ظلم هلک "Нет божества, кроме Аллаха, Мухаммад - посланник Аллаха. Справедливый царствует, тиранствующий гибнет". Надпись во внутреннем квадрате (читается с левого нижнего угла против часовой стрелки): السلطان العادل محمد خان "Государь правосудный Мухаммед-хан". В центре личная тамга хана в виде трезубца.
Telegram has become more interventionist over time, and has steadily increased its efforts to shut down these accounts. But this has also meant that the company has also engaged with lawmakers more generally, although it maintains that it doesn’t do so willingly. For instance, in September 2021, Telegram reportedly blocked a chat bot in support of (Putin critic) Alexei Navalny during Russia’s most recent parliamentary elections. Pavel Durov was quoted at the time saying that the company was obliged to follow a “legitimate” law of the land. He added that as Apple and Google both follow the law, to violate it would give both platforms a reason to boot the messenger from its stores. In 2014, Pavel Durov fled the country after allies of the Kremlin took control of the social networking site most know just as VK. Russia's intelligence agency had asked Durov to turn over the data of anti-Kremlin protesters. Durov refused to do so. At this point, however, Durov had already been working on Telegram with his brother, and further planned a mobile-first social network with an explicit focus on anti-censorship. Later in April, he told TechCrunch that he had left Russia and had “no plans to go back,” saying that the nation was currently “incompatible with internet business at the moment.” He added later that he was looking for a country that matched his libertarian ideals to base his next startup. Meanwhile, a completely redesigned attachment menu appears when sending multiple photos or vides. Users can tap "X selected" (X being the number of items) at the top of the panel to preview how the album will look in the chat when it's sent, as well as rearrange or remove selected media. At its heart, Telegram is little more than a messaging app like WhatsApp or Signal. But it also offers open channels that enable a single user, or a group of users, to communicate with large numbers in a method similar to a Twitter account. This has proven to be both a blessing and a curse for Telegram and its users, since these channels can be used for both good and ill. Right now, as Wired reports, the app is a key way for Ukrainians to receive updates from the government during the invasion.
from id
