نظریه‌ها و مفاهیم، هویت رشته روابط بین‌الملل را شکل میدهند. بدون استفاده از نظریه‌ها شناخت نظام‌مند تحولات پیچیده روابط بین‌الملل میسر نیست. نظریه‌ها در تبیین دنیای روابط بین‌الملل به ما کمک می‌کنند و در همه حوزهها وجود دارند. بنابراین هدف اصلی این نوشتار پرداختن به مفهوم نظریه و ارتباط آن با مسائل فرانظری و همچنین…
نظریه‌ها و مفاهیم، هویت رشته روابط بین‌الملل را شکل میدهند. بدون استفاده از نظریه‌ها شناخت نظام‌مند تحولات پیچیده روابط بین‌الملل میسر نیست. نظریه‌ها در تبیین دنیای روابط بین‌الملل به ما کمک می‌کنند و در همه حوزهها وجود دارند. بنابراین هدف اصلی این نوشتار پرداختن به مفهوم نظریه و ارتباط آن با مسائل فرانظری و همچنین…
The gold standard of encryption, known as end-to-end encryption, where only the sender and person who receives the message are able to see it, is available on Telegram only when the Secret Chat function is enabled. Voice and video calls are also completely encrypted. On Telegram’s website, it says that Pavel Durov “supports Telegram financially and ideologically while Nikolai (Duvov)’s input is technological.” Currently, the Telegram team is based in Dubai, having moved around from Berlin, London and Singapore after departing Russia. Meanwhile, the company which owns Telegram is registered in the British Virgin Islands. The company maintains that it cannot act against individual or group chats, which are “private amongst their participants,” but it will respond to requests in relation to sticker sets, channels and bots which are publicly available. During the invasion of Ukraine, Pavel Durov has wrestled with this issue a lot more prominently than he has before. Channels like Donbass Insider and Bellum Acta, as reported by Foreign Policy, started pumping out pro-Russian propaganda as the invasion began. So much so that the Ukrainian National Security and Defense Council issued a statement labeling which accounts are Russian-backed. Ukrainian officials, in potential violation of the Geneva Convention, have shared imagery of dead and captured Russian soldiers on the platform. Recently, Durav wrote on his Telegram channel that users' right to privacy, in light of the war in Ukraine, is "sacred, now more than ever." Right now the digital security needs of Russians and Ukrainians are very different, and they lead to very different caveats about how to mitigate the risks associated with using Telegram. For Ukrainians in Ukraine, whose physical safety is at risk because they are in a war zone, digital security is probably not their highest priority. They may value access to news and communication with their loved ones over making sure that all of their communications are encrypted in such a manner that they are indecipherable to Telegram, its employees, or governments with court orders.
from id
