Избыточная, сбивающая с толку фрагментация или показатель подвижности и богатства анархизма – таковы в общих чертах полярные реакции на широкий спектр анархистских течений и направлений. Несмотря на название предлагаемого эссе, проблема «центробежности» в анархизме по-прежнему является актуальной – если и не в силу злободневности, то по причинам тех свойств, которые укоренены в самом анархизме, в его антидогматичности и свободолюбии. Обзор ключевых направлений анархизма и попытка обозначить оптимальное их сочетание, исходя из таких критериев, как цель, метод и философия – в эссе историка Анатолия Дубовика.
Избыточная, сбивающая с толку фрагментация или показатель подвижности и богатства анархизма – таковы в общих чертах полярные реакции на широкий спектр анархистских течений и направлений. Несмотря на название предлагаемого эссе, проблема «центробежности» в анархизме по-прежнему является актуальной – если и не в силу злободневности, то по причинам тех свойств, которые укоренены в самом анархизме, в его антидогматичности и свободолюбии. Обзор ключевых направлений анархизма и попытка обозначить оптимальное их сочетание, исходя из таких критериев, как цель, метод и философия – в эссе историка Анатолия Дубовика.
WhatsApp, a rival messaging platform, introduced some measures to counter disinformation when Covid-19 was first sweeping the world. At the start of 2018, the company attempted to launch an Initial Coin Offering (ICO) which would enable it to enable payments (and earn the cash that comes from doing so). The initial signals were promising, especially given Telegram’s user base is already fairly crypto-savvy. It raised an initial tranche of cash – worth more than a billion dollars – to help develop the coin before opening sales to the public. Unfortunately, third-party sales of coins bought in those initial fundraising rounds raised the ire of the SEC, which brought the hammer down on the whole operation. In 2020, officials ordered Telegram to pay a fine of $18.5 million and hand back much of the cash that it had raised. But the Ukraine Crisis Media Center's Tsekhanovska points out that communications are often down in zones most affected by the war, making this sort of cross-referencing a luxury many cannot afford. But Telegram says people want to keep their chat history when they get a new phone, and they like having a data backup that will sync their chats across multiple devices. And that is why they let people choose whether they want their messages to be encrypted or not. When not turned on, though, chats are stored on Telegram's services, which are scattered throughout the world. But it has "disclosed 0 bytes of user data to third parties, including governments," Telegram states on its website. If you initiate a Secret Chat, however, then these communications are end-to-end encrypted and are tied to the device you are using. That means it’s less convenient to access them across multiple platforms, but you are at far less risk of snooping. Back in the day, Secret Chats received some praise from the EFF, but the fact that its standard system isn’t as secure earned it some criticism. If you’re looking for something that is considered more reliable by privacy advocates, then Signal is the EFF’s preferred platform, although that too is not without some caveats.
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