Что такое критика, в чем суть критического суждения и почему сугубо отрицательное может в то же время быть вполне позитивным? Ответить на эти вопросы попытался Александр Иванов в лекции «Энергия негативного: литературная критика и философия», прочитанной в рамках цикла «История литературной критики», который Дом творчества Переделкино организовал совместно с «Горьким». Публикуем текстовую версию его выступления.
Что такое критика, в чем суть критического суждения и почему сугубо отрицательное может в то же время быть вполне позитивным? Ответить на эти вопросы попытался Александр Иванов в лекции «Энергия негативного: литературная критика и философия», прочитанной в рамках цикла «История литературной критики», который Дом творчества Переделкино организовал совместно с «Горьким». Публикуем текстовую версию его выступления.
"Markets were cheering this economic recovery and return to strong economic growth, but the cheers will turn to tears if the inflation outbreak pushes businesses and consumers to the brink of recession," he added. Right now the digital security needs of Russians and Ukrainians are very different, and they lead to very different caveats about how to mitigate the risks associated with using Telegram. For Ukrainians in Ukraine, whose physical safety is at risk because they are in a war zone, digital security is probably not their highest priority. They may value access to news and communication with their loved ones over making sure that all of their communications are encrypted in such a manner that they are indecipherable to Telegram, its employees, or governments with court orders. Telegram boasts 500 million users, who share information individually and in groups in relative security. But Telegram's use as a one-way broadcast channel — which followers can join but not reply to — means content from inauthentic accounts can easily reach large, captive and eager audiences. For example, WhatsApp restricted the number of times a user could forward something, and developed automated systems that detect and flag objectionable content. The company maintains that it cannot act against individual or group chats, which are “private amongst their participants,” but it will respond to requests in relation to sticker sets, channels and bots which are publicly available. During the invasion of Ukraine, Pavel Durov has wrestled with this issue a lot more prominently than he has before. Channels like Donbass Insider and Bellum Acta, as reported by Foreign Policy, started pumping out pro-Russian propaganda as the invasion began. So much so that the Ukrainian National Security and Defense Council issued a statement labeling which accounts are Russian-backed. Ukrainian officials, in potential violation of the Geneva Convention, have shared imagery of dead and captured Russian soldiers on the platform.
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