Telegram was founded in 2013 by two Russian brothers, Nikolai and Pavel Durov. In 2018, Russia banned Telegram although it reversed the prohibition two years later. Although some channels have been removed, the curation process is considered opaque and insufficient by analysts. Such instructions could actually endanger people — citizens receive air strike warnings via smartphone alerts. Artem Kliuchnikov and his family fled Ukraine just days before the Russian invasion.
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