День в истории химии: день рождения топливного элемента
Ровно 186 лет назад в редакцию The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science поступило письмо On voltaic series and the combination of gases by platinum из валлийского Суонси. В нем молодой Уильям Гроув сообщал о создании первого в истории водородного топливного элемента. Тогда этот тип электрохимического источника тока оказался никому не нужен. Новое рождение топливные элементы пережили уже в 1960-е годы, когда они потребовались для освоения космоса.
#деньвисториихимии Материал подготовлен ИОНХ РАН для Виртуального музея химии при грантовой поддержке Минобрнауки России в рамках федерального проекта «Популяризация науки и технологий»
День в истории химии: день рождения топливного элемента
Ровно 186 лет назад в редакцию The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science поступило письмо On voltaic series and the combination of gases by platinum из валлийского Суонси. В нем молодой Уильям Гроув сообщал о создании первого в истории водородного топливного элемента. Тогда этот тип электрохимического источника тока оказался никому не нужен. Новое рождение топливные элементы пережили уже в 1960-е годы, когда они потребовались для освоения космоса.
#деньвисториихимии Материал подготовлен ИОНХ РАН для Виртуального музея химии при грантовой поддержке Минобрнауки России в рамках федерального проекта «Популяризация науки и технологий»
"The inflation fire was already hot and now with war-driven inflation added to the mix, it will grow even hotter, setting off a scramble by the world’s central banks to pull back their stimulus earlier than expected," Chris Rupkey, chief economist at FWDBONDS, wrote in an email. "A spike in inflation rates has preceded economic recessions historically and this time prices have soared to levels that once again pose a threat to growth." If you initiate a Secret Chat, however, then these communications are end-to-end encrypted and are tied to the device you are using. That means it’s less convenient to access them across multiple platforms, but you are at far less risk of snooping. Back in the day, Secret Chats received some praise from the EFF, but the fact that its standard system isn’t as secure earned it some criticism. If you’re looking for something that is considered more reliable by privacy advocates, then Signal is the EFF’s preferred platform, although that too is not without some caveats. Telegram has become more interventionist over time, and has steadily increased its efforts to shut down these accounts. But this has also meant that the company has also engaged with lawmakers more generally, although it maintains that it doesn’t do so willingly. For instance, in September 2021, Telegram reportedly blocked a chat bot in support of (Putin critic) Alexei Navalny during Russia’s most recent parliamentary elections. Pavel Durov was quoted at the time saying that the company was obliged to follow a “legitimate” law of the land. He added that as Apple and Google both follow the law, to violate it would give both platforms a reason to boot the messenger from its stores. Meanwhile, a completely redesigned attachment menu appears when sending multiple photos or vides. Users can tap "X selected" (X being the number of items) at the top of the panel to preview how the album will look in the chat when it's sent, as well as rearrange or remove selected media. Again, in contrast to Facebook, Google and Twitter, Telegram's founder Pavel Durov runs his company in relative secrecy from Dubai.
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