Artem Kliuchnikov and his family fled Ukraine just days before the Russian invasion. "Someone posing as a Ukrainian citizen just joins the chat and starts spreading misinformation, or gathers data, like the location of shelters," Tsekhanovska said, noting how false messages have urged Ukrainians to turn off their phones at a specific time of night, citing cybersafety. Telegram was founded in 2013 by two Russian brothers, Nikolai and Pavel Durov. Despite Telegram's origins, its approach to users' security has privacy advocates worried. Two days after Russia invaded Ukraine, an account on the Telegram messaging platform posing as President Volodymyr Zelenskiy urged his armed forces to surrender.
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