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Junger OrientalistπŸ•Š
Π£Π»ΠΈΡ†Π° Π₯Π°ΠΌΡ€Π°, Π‘Π΅ΠΉΡ€ΡƒΡ‚, 1973 Π³ΠΎΠ΄
πŸ“ΈΠŸΠ»ΠΎΡ‰Π°Π΄ΡŒ ΠΌΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², Π‘Π΅ΠΉΡ€ΡƒΡ‚, ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ† 1960-Ρ…

Π’ ~1950 Π³. ΠœΠ°Π»Ρ‹ΠΉ Π΄Π²ΠΎΡ€Π΅Ρ† Π½Π° сСвСрС ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‰Π°Π΄ΠΈ снСсли. На Π΅Π³ΠΎ мСстС вскорС открылся ΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π°Ρ‚Ρ€ Rivoli (Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° дальнСм ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‰Π°Π΄ΠΈ; снСсСно Π² 90-Ρ…).

Π‘ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΉ стороны ΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π°Ρ‚Ρ€ Rivoli Π²Ρ‹Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ» Π½Π° ΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ†Ρƒ Π’Π΅ΠΉΠ³Π°Π½Π°.

Π”ΠΎ граТданской Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ‹ (1975–90) ΠŸΠ»ΠΎΡ‰Π°Π΄ΡŒ ΠΌΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· коммСрчСских ΠΈ ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² ливанской столицы.

ΠΡ‹Π½Π΅ΡˆΠ½Π΅Π΅ Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‰Π°Π΄ΠΈ восходит ΠΊ 1916 Π³. Π’ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π·Π½Π΅Π½Ρ‹ ΠΆΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‚Π²Ρ‹ османских рСпрСссий Π² Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ‹. ΠŸΠ»ΠΎΡ‰Π°Π΄ΡŒ Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° извСстна ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ названиями, особСнно ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π‘Π°ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‰Π°Π΄ΡŒ (sāαΈ₯at al-burΗ§).

Π’ Π³Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρƒ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‰Π°Π΄ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π° линия Ρ„Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°.

Π‘ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΡ€ Π½Π° этом мСстС Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ историчСскиС события. НапримСр, протСсты послС убийства экс-ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΌΡŒΠ΅Ρ€Π° Π Π°Ρ„ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π₯Π°Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΈ Π² 2005 Π³., ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΊ Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ сирийских войск, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ протСсты 2019 Π³.



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πŸ“ΈΠŸΠ»ΠΎΡ‰Π°Π΄ΡŒ ΠΌΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², Π‘Π΅ΠΉΡ€ΡƒΡ‚, ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ† 1960-Ρ…

Π’ ~1950 Π³. ΠœΠ°Π»Ρ‹ΠΉ Π΄Π²ΠΎΡ€Π΅Ρ† Π½Π° сСвСрС ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‰Π°Π΄ΠΈ снСсли. На Π΅Π³ΠΎ мСстС вскорС открылся ΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π°Ρ‚Ρ€ Rivoli (Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° дальнСм ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‰Π°Π΄ΠΈ; снСсСно Π² 90-Ρ…).

Π‘ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΉ стороны ΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π°Ρ‚Ρ€ Rivoli Π²Ρ‹Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ» Π½Π° ΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ†Ρƒ Π’Π΅ΠΉΠ³Π°Π½Π°.

Π”ΠΎ граТданской Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ‹ (1975–90) ΠŸΠ»ΠΎΡ‰Π°Π΄ΡŒ ΠΌΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· коммСрчСских ΠΈ ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² ливанской столицы.

ΠΡ‹Π½Π΅ΡˆΠ½Π΅Π΅ Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‰Π°Π΄ΠΈ восходит ΠΊ 1916 Π³. Π’ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π·Π½Π΅Π½Ρ‹ ΠΆΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‚Π²Ρ‹ османских рСпрСссий Π² Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ‹. ΠŸΠ»ΠΎΡ‰Π°Π΄ΡŒ Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° извСстна ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ названиями, особСнно ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π‘Π°ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‰Π°Π΄ΡŒ (sāαΈ₯at al-burΗ§).

Π’ Π³Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρƒ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‰Π°Π΄ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π° линия Ρ„Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°.

Π‘ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΡ€ Π½Π° этом мСстС Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ историчСскиС события. НапримСр, протСсты послС убийства экс-ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΌΡŒΠ΅Ρ€Π° Π Π°Ρ„ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π₯Π°Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΈ Π² 2005 Π³., ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΊ Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ сирийских войск, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ протСсты 2019 Π³.

BY Junger OrientalistπŸ•Š





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Either way, Durov says that he withdrew his resignation but that he was ousted from his company anyway. Subsequently, control of the company was reportedly handed to oligarchs Alisher Usmanov and Igor Sechin, both allegedly close associates of Russian leader Vladimir Putin. Given the pro-privacy stance of the platform, it’s taken as a given that it’ll be used for a number of reasons, not all of them good. And Telegram has been attached to a fair few scandals related to terrorism, sexual exploitation and crime. Back in 2015, Vox described Telegram as β€œISIS’ app of choice,” saying that the platform’s real use is the ability to use channels to distribute material to large groups at once. Telegram has acted to remove public channels affiliated with terrorism, but Pavel Durov reiterated that he had no business snooping on private conversations. Channels are not fully encrypted, end-to-end. All communications on a Telegram channel can be seen by anyone on the channel and are also visible to Telegram. Telegram may be asked by a government to hand over the communications from a channel. Telegram has a history of standing up to Russian government requests for data, but how comfortable you are relying on that history to predict future behavior is up to you. Because Telegram has this data, it may also be stolen by hackers or leaked by an internal employee. You may recall that, back when Facebook started changing WhatsApp’s terms of service, a number of news outlets reported on, and even recommended, switching to Telegram. Pavel Durov even said that users should delete WhatsApp β€œunless you are cool with all of your photos and messages becoming public one day.” But Telegram can’t be described as a more-secure version of WhatsApp. The picture was mixed overseas. Hong Kong’s Hang Seng Index fell 1.6%, under pressure from U.S. regulatory scrutiny on New York-listed Chinese companies. Stocks were more buoyant in Europe, where Frankfurt’s DAX surged 1.4%.
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