All three options (reducing the operational terms of both bases from 49 to 5-10 years; Russia's withdrawal from Khmeimim, keeping the limited naval base in Tartus, like in the Soviet times; Moscow's refusal of both bases in favor of "special agreements" with Damascus on the use of Syria's transport infrastructure by the Russian military) are likely to be discussed.
Yet, a most negative scenario for Russia also couldn't be ruled out, whereas the bases would be kept until the summer of 2025 only. It could be combined with the third scenario, which is not the worst option for Moscow, but maybe not.
Much here depends on the effectiveness of the Western pressure on the new Syrian authorities. And not solely by the US (not by chance, Washington "suspended" the lift of sanctions till July 2025), but also the Europeans (Germany, France), who want to "win back" after the previous "fell out" of the Syrian crisis due to the successful actions of Iran and Russia in 2012-2024.
I assume that the issue of preserving the bases in Syria is likely to be discussed at a possible Putin and Trump meeting. Although, as mentioned in my previous comments, Syria is not among Washington's top priorities in the Middle East.
All three options (reducing the operational terms of both bases from 49 to 5-10 years; Russia's withdrawal from Khmeimim, keeping the limited naval base in Tartus, like in the Soviet times; Moscow's refusal of both bases in favor of "special agreements" with Damascus on the use of Syria's transport infrastructure by the Russian military) are likely to be discussed.
Yet, a most negative scenario for Russia also couldn't be ruled out, whereas the bases would be kept until the summer of 2025 only. It could be combined with the third scenario, which is not the worst option for Moscow, but maybe not.
Much here depends on the effectiveness of the Western pressure on the new Syrian authorities. And not solely by the US (not by chance, Washington "suspended" the lift of sanctions till July 2025), but also the Europeans (Germany, France), who want to "win back" after the previous "fell out" of the Syrian crisis due to the successful actions of Iran and Russia in 2012-2024.
I assume that the issue of preserving the bases in Syria is likely to be discussed at a possible Putin and Trump meeting. Although, as mentioned in my previous comments, Syria is not among Washington's top priorities in the Middle East.
At the start of 2018, the company attempted to launch an Initial Coin Offering (ICO) which would enable it to enable payments (and earn the cash that comes from doing so). The initial signals were promising, especially given Telegram’s user base is already fairly crypto-savvy. It raised an initial tranche of cash – worth more than a billion dollars – to help develop the coin before opening sales to the public. Unfortunately, third-party sales of coins bought in those initial fundraising rounds raised the ire of the SEC, which brought the hammer down on the whole operation. In 2020, officials ordered Telegram to pay a fine of $18.5 million and hand back much of the cash that it had raised. Emerson Brooking, a disinformation expert at the Atlantic Council's Digital Forensic Research Lab, said: "Back in the Wild West period of content moderation, like 2014 or 2015, maybe they could have gotten away with it, but it stands in marked contrast with how other companies run themselves today." Telegram does offer end-to-end encrypted communications through Secret Chats, but this is not the default setting. Standard conversations use the MTProto method, enabling server-client encryption but with them stored on the server for ease-of-access. This makes using Telegram across multiple devices simple, but also means that the regular Telegram chats you’re having with folks are not as secure as you may believe. But Telegram says people want to keep their chat history when they get a new phone, and they like having a data backup that will sync their chats across multiple devices. And that is why they let people choose whether they want their messages to be encrypted or not. When not turned on, though, chats are stored on Telegram's services, which are scattered throughout the world. But it has "disclosed 0 bytes of user data to third parties, including governments," Telegram states on its website. On Feb. 27, however, he admitted from his Russian-language account that "Telegram channels are increasingly becoming a source of unverified information related to Ukrainian events."
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