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Цена на топливо: слева с налогами, справа без (рыночная)

Большая часть цены (около 60%) на топливо в Германии формируется за счёт налогов и государственных сборов. В случае литра бензина, например, это:

— 65,45 центов энергетического налога
— ~27 центов НДС
— 7 центов налога на СО2

Лишь остальные ~40% это закупочная цена, логистика и маржа АЗС.



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Цена на топливо: слева с налогами, справа без (рыночная)

Большая часть цены (около 60%) на топливо в Германии формируется за счёт налогов и государственных сборов. В случае литра бензина, например, это:

— 65,45 центов энергетического налога
— ~27 центов НДС
— 7 центов налога на СО2

Лишь остальные ~40% это закупочная цена, логистика и маржа АЗС.

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"There is a significant risk of insider threat or hacking of Telegram systems that could expose all of these chats to the Russian government," said Eva Galperin with the Electronic Frontier Foundation, which has called for Telegram to improve its privacy practices. At the start of 2018, the company attempted to launch an Initial Coin Offering (ICO) which would enable it to enable payments (and earn the cash that comes from doing so). The initial signals were promising, especially given Telegram’s user base is already fairly crypto-savvy. It raised an initial tranche of cash – worth more than a billion dollars – to help develop the coin before opening sales to the public. Unfortunately, third-party sales of coins bought in those initial fundraising rounds raised the ire of the SEC, which brought the hammer down on the whole operation. In 2020, officials ordered Telegram to pay a fine of $18.5 million and hand back much of the cash that it had raised. Andrey, a Russian entrepreneur living in Brazil who, fearing retaliation, asked that NPR not use his last name, said Telegram has become one of the few places Russians can access independent news about the war. But the Ukraine Crisis Media Center's Tsekhanovska points out that communications are often down in zones most affected by the war, making this sort of cross-referencing a luxury many cannot afford. Some people used the platform to organize ahead of the storming of the U.S. Capitol in January 2021, and last month Senator Mark Warner sent a letter to Durov urging him to curb Russian information operations on Telegram.
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