Обосновывая теории или собственные воззрения, мы ищем то, что свидетельствует в их пользу. Но что именно может быть свидетельством? Как оценивать ссылки на то, что человеку дано в непосредственном опыте? И можно ли доверять свидетельствам со слов других? Алексей Кардаш рассказывает о том, какими бывают свидетельства и как их осмысляют в современной эпистемологии.
Обосновывая теории или собственные воззрения, мы ищем то, что свидетельствует в их пользу. Но что именно может быть свидетельством? Как оценивать ссылки на то, что человеку дано в непосредственном опыте? И можно ли доверять свидетельствам со слов других? Алексей Кардаш рассказывает о том, какими бывают свидетельства и как их осмысляют в современной эпистемологии.
The gold standard of encryption, known as end-to-end encryption, where only the sender and person who receives the message are able to see it, is available on Telegram only when the Secret Chat function is enabled. Voice and video calls are also completely encrypted. Stocks dropped on Friday afternoon, as gains made earlier in the day on hopes for diplomatic progress between Russia and Ukraine turned to losses. Technology stocks were hit particularly hard by higher bond yields. The company maintains that it cannot act against individual or group chats, which are “private amongst their participants,” but it will respond to requests in relation to sticker sets, channels and bots which are publicly available. During the invasion of Ukraine, Pavel Durov has wrestled with this issue a lot more prominently than he has before. Channels like Donbass Insider and Bellum Acta, as reported by Foreign Policy, started pumping out pro-Russian propaganda as the invasion began. So much so that the Ukrainian National Security and Defense Council issued a statement labeling which accounts are Russian-backed. Ukrainian officials, in potential violation of the Geneva Convention, have shared imagery of dead and captured Russian soldiers on the platform. At its heart, Telegram is little more than a messaging app like WhatsApp or Signal. But it also offers open channels that enable a single user, or a group of users, to communicate with large numbers in a method similar to a Twitter account. This has proven to be both a blessing and a curse for Telegram and its users, since these channels can be used for both good and ill. Right now, as Wired reports, the app is a key way for Ukrainians to receive updates from the government during the invasion.
from kr
