WhatsApp, a rival messaging platform, introduced some measures to counter disinformation when Covid-19 was first sweeping the world. Artem Kliuchnikov and his family fled Ukraine just days before the Russian invasion. But because group chats and the channel features are not end-to-end encrypted, Galperin said user privacy is potentially under threat. Perpetrators of such fraud use various marketing techniques to attract subscribers on their social media channels. "For Telegram, accountability has always been a problem, which is why it was so popular even before the full-scale war with far-right extremists and terrorists from all over the world," she told AFP from her safe house outside the Ukrainian capital.
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