Да, на всякий случай, не путайте Робера Арона (1898-1975) с Раймоном Ароном (1905-1983). Робер Арон был идеологом нонконформистской организации «Новый порядок» («Ordre Nouveau», 1929-1938), среди известных членов которой был и Шарль де Голль. Стоит также упомянуть написанные им после войны такие труды по истории, как «История Виши» («Histoire de Vichy», 1954) и «История Освобождения» («Histoire de la Libération», 1959).
Да, на всякий случай, не путайте Робера Арона (1898-1975) с Раймоном Ароном (1905-1983). Робер Арон был идеологом нонконформистской организации «Новый порядок» («Ordre Nouveau», 1929-1938), среди известных членов которой был и Шарль де Голль. Стоит также упомянуть написанные им после войны такие труды по истории, как «История Виши» («Histoire de Vichy», 1954) и «История Освобождения» («Histoire de la Libération», 1959).
BY STATUS RERUM
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The company maintains that it cannot act against individual or group chats, which are “private amongst their participants,” but it will respond to requests in relation to sticker sets, channels and bots which are publicly available. During the invasion of Ukraine, Pavel Durov has wrestled with this issue a lot more prominently than he has before. Channels like Donbass Insider and Bellum Acta, as reported by Foreign Policy, started pumping out pro-Russian propaganda as the invasion began. So much so that the Ukrainian National Security and Defense Council issued a statement labeling which accounts are Russian-backed. Ukrainian officials, in potential violation of the Geneva Convention, have shared imagery of dead and captured Russian soldiers on the platform. Ukrainian forces have since put up a strong resistance to the Russian troops amid the war that has left hundreds of Ukrainian civilians, including children, dead, according to the United Nations. Ukrainian and international officials have accused Russia of targeting civilian populations with shelling and bombardments. Telegram was co-founded by Pavel and Nikolai Durov, the brothers who had previously created VKontakte. VK is Russia’s equivalent of Facebook, a social network used for public and private messaging, audio and video sharing as well as online gaming. In January, SimpleWeb reported that VK was Russia’s fourth most-visited website, after Yandex, YouTube and Google’s Russian-language homepage. In 2016, Forbes’ Michael Solomon described Pavel Durov (pictured, below) as the “Mark Zuckerberg of Russia.” The regulator said it had received information that messages containing stock tips and other investment advice with respect to selected listed companies are being widely circulated through websites and social media platforms such as Telegram, Facebook, WhatsApp and Instagram. Telegram has gained a reputation as the “secure” communications app in the post-Soviet states, but whenever you make choices about your digital security, it’s important to start by asking yourself, “What exactly am I securing? And who am I securing it from?” These questions should inform your decisions about whether you are using the right tool or platform for your digital security needs. Telegram is certainly not the most secure messaging app on the market right now. Its security model requires users to place a great deal of trust in Telegram’s ability to protect user data. For some users, this may be good enough for now. For others, it may be wiser to move to a different platform for certain kinds of high-risk communications.
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