False news often spreads via public groups, or chats, with potentially fatal effects. In 2018, Russia banned Telegram although it reversed the prohibition two years later. But Kliuchnikov, the Ukranian now in France, said he will use Signal or WhatsApp for sensitive conversations, but questions around privacy on Telegram do not give him pause when it comes to sharing information about the war. The fake Zelenskiy account reached 20,000 followers on Telegram before it was shut down, a remedial action that experts say is all too rare. Although some channels have been removed, the curation process is considered opaque and insufficient by analysts.
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