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Junger OrientalistπŸ•Š
ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ Π‘ΠΈΡˆΠ°Ρ€Π° аль-Π₯ΡƒΡ€ΠΈ (1943β€”1952; Π² шляпС) ΠΈ министр ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ½Ρ‹ Π›ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½Π° эмир МадТид Арслан (Π² фСскС) Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ‚ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ учСния. Оба относятся ΠΊ ΠΎΡ‚Ρ†Π°ΠΌ-основатСлям нСзависимого Π›ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½Π° (1943). аль-Π₯ΡƒΡ€ΠΈ сразу Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π» высокиС стандарты ΠΏΠΎ части ΠΊΠΎΡ€Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΡ†ΠΈΠΈ (Π²ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π» ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ)…
Π’ΠΎ врСмя ΠΈΠ·Ρ€Π°ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ вторТСния Π² Π›ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ (1982) эмир МадТид Арслан ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π» прСзидСнтскиС Π°ΠΌΠ±ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΈ Π‘Π°ΡˆΠΈΡ€Π° ЖмайСля β€” христианского ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΡ€Π° ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ союзника Π˜Π·Ρ€Π°ΠΈΠ»Ρ. Однако ставка Π½Π΅ сыграла: Π‘Π°ΡˆΠΈΡ€Π° ΡƒΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡƒΠ³ΡƒΡ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, Π° ΠΈΠ·Ρ€Π°ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡΠΊΠ°Ρ армия отступила ΠΈΠ· Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π›ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π½Π° юг.

МадТид Арслан скончался Π² 1983 Π³. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ стал Π΅Π³ΠΎ сын ЀСйсал. Однако эмиру ЀСйсалу Π½Π΅ простили Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎ-ΠΈΠ·Ρ€Π°ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³Π°ΠΌ, ΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ 1980-Ρ… Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡŽ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π³Π»Π°Π²ΠΈΠ» Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ эмир Валяль β€” ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠ΅ Π‘ΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠΈ.

Π’ ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅ Арсланы стали союзниками сирийской династии Асадов ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ сих ΠΏΠΎΡ€. Π˜Ρ… Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ сопСрники Π”ΠΆΡƒΠΌΠ±Π»Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ сотрудничали с Дамаском Π² 1980β€”90-Ρ…, Π½ΠΎ Π² 2000-Ρ… ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ»ΠΈ Π² Π»Π°Π³Π΅Ρ€ΡŒ ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π‘ΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π₯Π΅Π·Π±ΠΎΠ»Π»Ρ‹.

На Ρ„ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎ: эмир МадТид Арслан ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ Π‘Π°ΡˆΠΈΡ€Π° ЖмайСля Ρƒ сСбя Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°

πŸ“ΈRabah, Conflict on Mount Lebanon



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Π’ΠΎ врСмя ΠΈΠ·Ρ€Π°ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ вторТСния Π² Π›ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ (1982) эмир МадТид Арслан ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π» прСзидСнтскиС Π°ΠΌΠ±ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΈ Π‘Π°ΡˆΠΈΡ€Π° ЖмайСля β€” христианского ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΡ€Π° ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ союзника Π˜Π·Ρ€Π°ΠΈΠ»Ρ. Однако ставка Π½Π΅ сыграла: Π‘Π°ΡˆΠΈΡ€Π° ΡƒΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡƒΠ³ΡƒΡ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, Π° ΠΈΠ·Ρ€Π°ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡΠΊΠ°Ρ армия отступила ΠΈΠ· Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π›ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π½Π° юг.

МадТид Арслан скончался Π² 1983 Π³. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ стал Π΅Π³ΠΎ сын ЀСйсал. Однако эмиру ЀСйсалу Π½Π΅ простили Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎ-ΠΈΠ·Ρ€Π°ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³Π°ΠΌ, ΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ 1980-Ρ… Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡŽ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π³Π»Π°Π²ΠΈΠ» Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ эмир Валяль β€” ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠ΅ Π‘ΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠΈ.

Π’ ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅ Арсланы стали союзниками сирийской династии Асадов ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ сих ΠΏΠΎΡ€. Π˜Ρ… Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ сопСрники Π”ΠΆΡƒΠΌΠ±Π»Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ сотрудничали с Дамаском Π² 1980β€”90-Ρ…, Π½ΠΎ Π² 2000-Ρ… ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ»ΠΈ Π² Π»Π°Π³Π΅Ρ€ΡŒ ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π‘ΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π₯Π΅Π·Π±ΠΎΠ»Π»Ρ‹.

На Ρ„ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎ: эмир МадТид Арслан ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ Π‘Π°ΡˆΠΈΡ€Π° ЖмайСля Ρƒ сСбя Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°

πŸ“ΈRabah, Conflict on Mount Lebanon

BY Junger OrientalistπŸ•Š





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Telegram does offer end-to-end encrypted communications through Secret Chats, but this is not the default setting. Standard conversations use the MTProto method, enabling server-client encryption but with them stored on the server for ease-of-access. This makes using Telegram across multiple devices simple, but also means that the regular Telegram chats you’re having with folks are not as secure as you may believe. Telegram, which does little policing of its content, has also became a hub for Russian propaganda and misinformation. Many pro-Kremlin channels have become popular, alongside accounts of journalists and other independent observers. Apparently upbeat developments in Russia's discussions with Ukraine helped at least temporarily send investors back into risk assets. Russian President Vladimir Putin said during a meeting with his Belarusian counterpart Alexander Lukashenko that there were "certain positive developments" occurring in the talks with Ukraine, according to a transcript of their meeting. Putin added that discussions were happening "almost on a daily basis." But Telegram says people want to keep their chat history when they get a new phone, and they like having a data backup that will sync their chats across multiple devices. And that is why they let people choose whether they want their messages to be encrypted or not. When not turned on, though, chats are stored on Telegram's services, which are scattered throughout the world. But it has "disclosed 0 bytes of user data to third parties, including governments," Telegram states on its website. Also in the latest update is the ability for users to create a unique @username from the Settings page, providing others with an easy way to contact them via Search or their t.me/username link without sharing their phone number.
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