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✅ Ilmmetriya (ingl. Scientometrics, rus. Наукометрия) – fanni miqdoriy usullar yordamida tadqiq etuvchi fan sohasi.
✅ Koʻp sonli oʻlchovlar va ilmiy maʼlumotlarni statistik qayta ishlash (maʼlum vaqt oraligʻida chop etilgan ilmiy maqolalar soni, iqtiboslar koʻrsatkichlari va boshqalar) orqali fanning rivojlanish evolutsiyasini oʻrganuvchi ilm.
✅ Ilmmetriya fanining asoschisi amerikalik lingvist olim Yudjin Garfild hisoblansa-da, ilmmetriya (“наукометрия”) atamasi ilk bor rus olimlari V.V. Nalimov va Z.M. Mulchenko hammuallifligida 1969-yilda nashr etilgan “Ilmmetriya: Fanni axborot jarayoni sifatida o‘rganish” («Наукометрия: Изучение науки как информационного процесса») nomli monografiyada tilga olingan.
✅ Ilmmetriya (ingl. Scientometrics, rus. Наукометрия) – fanni miqdoriy usullar yordamida tadqiq etuvchi fan sohasi.
✅ Koʻp sonli oʻlchovlar va ilmiy maʼlumotlarni statistik qayta ishlash (maʼlum vaqt oraligʻida chop etilgan ilmiy maqolalar soni, iqtiboslar koʻrsatkichlari va boshqalar) orqali fanning rivojlanish evolutsiyasini oʻrganuvchi ilm.
✅ Ilmmetriya fanining asoschisi amerikalik lingvist olim Yudjin Garfild hisoblansa-da, ilmmetriya (“наукометрия”) atamasi ilk bor rus olimlari V.V. Nalimov va Z.M. Mulchenko hammuallifligida 1969-yilda nashr etilgan “Ilmmetriya: Fanni axborot jarayoni sifatida o‘rganish” («Наукометрия: Изучение науки как информационного процесса») nomli monografiyada tilga olingan.
Ukrainian forces have since put up a strong resistance to the Russian troops amid the war that has left hundreds of Ukrainian civilians, including children, dead, according to the United Nations. Ukrainian and international officials have accused Russia of targeting civilian populations with shelling and bombardments. Emerson Brooking, a disinformation expert at the Atlantic Council's Digital Forensic Research Lab, said: "Back in the Wild West period of content moderation, like 2014 or 2015, maybe they could have gotten away with it, but it stands in marked contrast with how other companies run themselves today." In a message on his Telegram channel recently recounting the episode, Durov wrote: "I lost my company and my home, but would do it again – without hesitation." On December 23rd, 2020, Pavel Durov posted to his channel that the company would need to start generating revenue. In early 2021, he added that any advertising on the platform would not use user data for targeting, and that it would be focused on “large one-to-many channels.” He pledged that ads would be “non-intrusive” and that most users would simply not notice any change. Telegram does offer end-to-end encrypted communications through Secret Chats, but this is not the default setting. Standard conversations use the MTProto method, enabling server-client encryption but with them stored on the server for ease-of-access. This makes using Telegram across multiple devices simple, but also means that the regular Telegram chats you’re having with folks are not as secure as you may believe.
from nl
