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科学家发现赋予猫橙色皮毛的基因

2024-12-02 17:37 by 引路人

长期以来,科学家一直对玳瑁猫和印花布猫着迷——它们是黑猫和橘猫的后代。这种杂交的多色猫几乎都是雌性,表明使毛色变为橙色或黑色的基因变异位于 X 染色体上。包括人类在内的大多数哺乳动物中,红毛是由一种细胞表面蛋白 Mc1r 的突变引起,但是编码 Mc1r 的基因似乎并不能解释猫的橙色皮毛是从哪里来的。它不在猫或任何其他物种的 X 染色体上,而且大多数橙色的猫没有 Mc1r 突变。研究团队从动物诊所的猫身上收集了 4 个橙色和 4 个非橙色胎儿的皮肤样本。为了确定单个皮肤细胞如何表达基因,研究人员测量了每个黑素细胞产生的RNA的数量,并确定了它编码的基因。他们发现,橙色猫的黑色素细胞从一种名为 Arhgap36 的基因中产生的 RNA 是普通猫的 13 倍。该基因位于 X 染色体上。但当研究人员在橙色猫身上观察 Arhgap36 的基因序列时,没有发现编码 Arhgap36 蛋白的 DNA 有任何突变。相反他们发现橙色猫缺少附近的一段 DNA,这段 DNA 不会影响蛋白质的氨基酸成分,但可能参与调节细胞产生的氨基酸量。研究团队扫描了 188 只猫的基因组数据库,发现每只橘猫、印花布猫和玳瑁猫都有完全相同的突变。他们在 bioRxiv 上报告了这一发现。

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.21.624608v1.full.pdf
https://news.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2024/12/535040.shtm

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科学家发现赋予猫橙色皮毛的基因

2024-12-02 17:37 by 引路人

长期以来,科学家一直对玳瑁猫和印花布猫着迷——它们是黑猫和橘猫的后代。这种杂交的多色猫几乎都是雌性,表明使毛色变为橙色或黑色的基因变异位于 X 染色体上。包括人类在内的大多数哺乳动物中,红毛是由一种细胞表面蛋白 Mc1r 的突变引起,但是编码 Mc1r 的基因似乎并不能解释猫的橙色皮毛是从哪里来的。它不在猫或任何其他物种的 X 染色体上,而且大多数橙色的猫没有 Mc1r 突变。研究团队从动物诊所的猫身上收集了 4 个橙色和 4 个非橙色胎儿的皮肤样本。为了确定单个皮肤细胞如何表达基因,研究人员测量了每个黑素细胞产生的RNA的数量,并确定了它编码的基因。他们发现,橙色猫的黑色素细胞从一种名为 Arhgap36 的基因中产生的 RNA 是普通猫的 13 倍。该基因位于 X 染色体上。但当研究人员在橙色猫身上观察 Arhgap36 的基因序列时,没有发现编码 Arhgap36 蛋白的 DNA 有任何突变。相反他们发现橙色猫缺少附近的一段 DNA,这段 DNA 不会影响蛋白质的氨基酸成分,但可能参与调节细胞产生的氨基酸量。研究团队扫描了 188 只猫的基因组数据库,发现每只橘猫、印花布猫和玳瑁猫都有完全相同的突变。他们在 bioRxiv 上报告了这一发现。

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.21.624608v1.full.pdf
https://news.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2024/12/535040.shtm

#生物技术

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A Russian Telegram channel with over 700,000 followers is spreading disinformation about Russia's invasion of Ukraine under the guise of providing "objective information" and fact-checking fake news. Its influence extends beyond the platform, with major Russian publications, government officials, and journalists citing the page's posts. You may recall that, back when Facebook started changing WhatsApp’s terms of service, a number of news outlets reported on, and even recommended, switching to Telegram. Pavel Durov even said that users should delete WhatsApp “unless you are cool with all of your photos and messages becoming public one day.” But Telegram can’t be described as a more-secure version of WhatsApp. The regulator took order for the search and seizure operation from Judge Purushottam B Jadhav, Sebi Special Judge / Additional Sessions Judge. As the war in Ukraine rages, the messaging app Telegram has emerged as the go-to place for unfiltered live war updates for both Ukrainian refugees and increasingly isolated Russians alike. The company maintains that it cannot act against individual or group chats, which are “private amongst their participants,” but it will respond to requests in relation to sticker sets, channels and bots which are publicly available. During the invasion of Ukraine, Pavel Durov has wrestled with this issue a lot more prominently than he has before. Channels like Donbass Insider and Bellum Acta, as reported by Foreign Policy, started pumping out pro-Russian propaganda as the invasion began. So much so that the Ukrainian National Security and Defense Council issued a statement labeling which accounts are Russian-backed. Ukrainian officials, in potential violation of the Geneva Convention, have shared imagery of dead and captured Russian soldiers on the platform.
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