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First, colonists; then, enemies of the people. How Germans lived in the Russian Empire and the USSR*

Vera Atamanchuk's article tells the story of the German colonies in the Russian Empire which is closely linked to the technologies of colonial power. The empire invited settlers to the lands, the right to which was deprived from the colonized peoples: thus germans who came to live here were turned into a tool for the most efficient exploitation of land resources. To learn more about the fate of former settlers in the USSR and after its collapse in Central Asian countries — follow the link and read the full article on our website.

*Текст также доступен на русском и кыргызском языках. Карточки с выдержками на русском языке вы найдете здесь.

«Беда» стремится к мультиязычности; мы постоянно готовим переводы выпущенных
статей на английский и языки стран и локальностей, к которым относятся тексты. Поделитесь этим материалом со своими англофонными друзьями!
ヾ(・ω・)メ(・ω・)ノ



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First, colonists; then, enemies of the people. How Germans lived in the Russian Empire and the USSR*

Vera Atamanchuk's article tells the story of the German colonies in the Russian Empire which is closely linked to the technologies of colonial power. The empire invited settlers to the lands, the right to which was deprived from the colonized peoples: thus germans who came to live here were turned into a tool for the most efficient exploitation of land resources. To learn more about the fate of former settlers in the USSR and after its collapse in Central Asian countries — follow the link and read the full article on our website.

*Текст также доступен на русском и кыргызском языках. Карточки с выдержками на русском языке вы найдете здесь.

«Беда» стремится к мультиязычности; мы постоянно готовим переводы выпущенных
статей на английский и языки стран и локальностей, к которым относятся тексты. Поделитесь этим материалом со своими англофонными друзьями!
ヾ(・ω・)メ(・ω・)ノ

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Now safely in France with his spouse and three of his children, Kliuchnikov scrolls through Telegram to learn about the devastation happening in his home country. If you initiate a Secret Chat, however, then these communications are end-to-end encrypted and are tied to the device you are using. That means it’s less convenient to access them across multiple platforms, but you are at far less risk of snooping. Back in the day, Secret Chats received some praise from the EFF, but the fact that its standard system isn’t as secure earned it some criticism. If you’re looking for something that is considered more reliable by privacy advocates, then Signal is the EFF’s preferred platform, although that too is not without some caveats. Sebi said data, emails and other documents are being retrieved from the seized devices and detailed investigation is in progress. But because group chats and the channel features are not end-to-end encrypted, Galperin said user privacy is potentially under threat. And indeed, volatility has been a hallmark of the market environment so far in 2022, with the S&P 500 still down more than 10% for the year-to-date after first sliding into a correction last month. The CBOE Volatility Index, or VIX, has held at a lofty level of more than 30.
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