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📌 ماهو الفرق بين
ventricular hypertrophy and ventricular dilatation ?!

🔹ventricular hypertrophy  》is due to pressure overload as in aortic stenosis or S-HTN

🔹ventricular dilatation 》is due to volume overload as in case of increase venous return,ex: increase IV fluids administration

🔸in ventricular hypertrophy 》no displacement of apex beat only forcefull beat

🔸in ventricular dilatation 》displacement of apex beat

🔹ventricular hypertrophy 》
_preserved ejection fraction
_diastolic HF

🔹ventricular dilatation 》
_reduced ejection fraction
_systolic HF

🔸causes of ventricular hypertrophy:
》anything increases AFTERLOAD as
_HTN
_AS
_PS
》other causes as
أي حاجه بتقلل إمتلاء الventricles أثناء الdiastole مثل
احتشاء عضلة القلب بسوائل cardiac temponade
أو تليف restrictive cardiomyopathy
أو زيادة في سمك العضلة نفسها HOCM
أو زيادة في سمك الغشاء حول العضلة constrictive pericarditis

🔸causes of ventricular dilatation:
》anything increases PRELOAD as
_hyperdynamic circulation as : hypervolemia, anemia, thyrotoxicosis
_AR
_PR

》other causes as hypothyroidism
أي مرض بيوسع عضلة القلب مثل
حدوث إلتهاب في عضلة القلب نفسها myocarditis
أو خلل وظيفي في انقباض عضلة القلب لأي سبب مثل DCM



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📌 ماهو الفرق بين
ventricular hypertrophy and ventricular dilatation ?!

🔹ventricular hypertrophy  》is due to pressure overload as in aortic stenosis or S-HTN

🔹ventricular dilatation 》is due to volume overload as in case of increase venous return,ex: increase IV fluids administration

🔸in ventricular hypertrophy 》no displacement of apex beat only forcefull beat

🔸in ventricular dilatation 》displacement of apex beat

🔹ventricular hypertrophy 》
_preserved ejection fraction
_diastolic HF

🔹ventricular dilatation 》
_reduced ejection fraction
_systolic HF

🔸causes of ventricular hypertrophy:
》anything increases AFTERLOAD as
_HTN
_AS
_PS
》other causes as
أي حاجه بتقلل إمتلاء الventricles أثناء الdiastole مثل
احتشاء عضلة القلب بسوائل cardiac temponade
أو تليف restrictive cardiomyopathy
أو زيادة في سمك العضلة نفسها HOCM
أو زيادة في سمك الغشاء حول العضلة constrictive pericarditis

🔸causes of ventricular dilatation:
》anything increases PRELOAD as
_hyperdynamic circulation as : hypervolemia, anemia, thyrotoxicosis
_AR
_PR

》other causes as hypothyroidism
أي مرض بيوسع عضلة القلب مثل
حدوث إلتهاب في عضلة القلب نفسها myocarditis
أو خلل وظيفي في انقباض عضلة القلب لأي سبب مثل DCM

BY 🌏 الطب في جميع أنحاء العالم 🌏


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Continuing its crackdown against entities allegedly involved in a front-running scam using messaging app Telegram, Sebi on Thursday carried out search and seizure operations at the premises of eight entities in multiple locations across the country. Some people used the platform to organize ahead of the storming of the U.S. Capitol in January 2021, and last month Senator Mark Warner sent a letter to Durov urging him to curb Russian information operations on Telegram. At this point, however, Durov had already been working on Telegram with his brother, and further planned a mobile-first social network with an explicit focus on anti-censorship. Later in April, he told TechCrunch that he had left Russia and had “no plans to go back,” saying that the nation was currently “incompatible with internet business at the moment.” He added later that he was looking for a country that matched his libertarian ideals to base his next startup. Ukrainian forces have since put up a strong resistance to the Russian troops amid the war that has left hundreds of Ukrainian civilians, including children, dead, according to the United Nations. Ukrainian and international officials have accused Russia of targeting civilian populations with shelling and bombardments. Telegram was co-founded by Pavel and Nikolai Durov, the brothers who had previously created VKontakte. VK is Russia’s equivalent of Facebook, a social network used for public and private messaging, audio and video sharing as well as online gaming. In January, SimpleWeb reported that VK was Russia’s fourth most-visited website, after Yandex, YouTube and Google’s Russian-language homepage. In 2016, Forbes’ Michael Solomon described Pavel Durov (pictured, below) as the “Mark Zuckerberg of Russia.”
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