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В 1960 г., следуя общеамериканскому курсу на удвоение нажитого, известная нам американская ассоциация производителей фанеры (Douglas Fir Plywood Association) выпустила брошюру, в которой постулировала, что каждой семье требуется два дома: «один для жизни в будние дни, а второй – для истинного отдыха». Одним из вариантов второго жилища, предлагавшихся читателям и реализованных при помощи фанеры, был дом на берегу пролива Хейла в штате Вашингтон, спроектированный известным нам Хенриком Буллом, перед которым была поставлена задача «построить загородный дом по цене второго автомобиля».

Булл и этот дополнительный дом площадью 90 кв. м. разделил на два блока: общий, с кухней и гостиной, и частный, с двумя спальнями и санузлом. Терраса, соединявшая оба блока, была перекрыта двускатной крышей, матерчатая кровля которой легко сворачивалась, и могла использоваться в качестве мангальной зоны или даже для размещения гостей (правда, в спальных мешках). А собрать такой дом без утепления и установки септика стоило 3 200 долларов, что составляло примерно половину от среднего семейного дохода за год.

P.S. С другими проектами летних домов из фанеры можно ознакомиться по этой ссылке: https://archive.org/details/SecondHomesForLeisureLiving/mode/2up

———

In 1960, when the American nation was busy doubling their real estate and other assets, Douglas Fir Plywood Association published a promotional booklet and postulated that “every family needs two homes! …one for the work week, the other for pure pleasure”. The booklet featured eighteen remarkable plywood cabins including one designed by Henrik Bull and built in Hale Passage, Washington.

Interestingly, Bull, whom we already know from a couple of other cabin designs and who was tasked with building a cabin “for the cost of a second car”, opted for splitting this 90 sq. m. second home into two units, one with private quarters (two bedrooms and a bathroom) and the other with a kitchen and living room. The sundeck that connected the units was covered with a convertible pitch roof made of canvas and was to include a barbecue area and accommodate additional guests in sleeping bags, if necessary. The cost of assembling this second home (albeit with no insulation or septic tank) amounted to USD 3,200 which translated into half of an average annual family income in 1960.

P.S. Other designs in this booklet, which are just as inspiring, can be found here: https://archive.org/details/SecondHomesForLeisureLiving/mode/2up

(photos: Flickr user MidCentArc, archive.org, grainedit.com, tahoequarterly.com)



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В 1960 г., следуя общеамериканскому курсу на удвоение нажитого, известная нам американская ассоциация производителей фанеры (Douglas Fir Plywood Association) выпустила брошюру, в которой постулировала, что каждой семье требуется два дома: «один для жизни в будние дни, а второй – для истинного отдыха». Одним из вариантов второго жилища, предлагавшихся читателям и реализованных при помощи фанеры, был дом на берегу пролива Хейла в штате Вашингтон, спроектированный известным нам Хенриком Буллом, перед которым была поставлена задача «построить загородный дом по цене второго автомобиля».

Булл и этот дополнительный дом площадью 90 кв. м. разделил на два блока: общий, с кухней и гостиной, и частный, с двумя спальнями и санузлом. Терраса, соединявшая оба блока, была перекрыта двускатной крышей, матерчатая кровля которой легко сворачивалась, и могла использоваться в качестве мангальной зоны или даже для размещения гостей (правда, в спальных мешках). А собрать такой дом без утепления и установки септика стоило 3 200 долларов, что составляло примерно половину от среднего семейного дохода за год.

P.S. С другими проектами летних домов из фанеры можно ознакомиться по этой ссылке: https://archive.org/details/SecondHomesForLeisureLiving/mode/2up

———

In 1960, when the American nation was busy doubling their real estate and other assets, Douglas Fir Plywood Association published a promotional booklet and postulated that “every family needs two homes! …one for the work week, the other for pure pleasure”. The booklet featured eighteen remarkable plywood cabins including one designed by Henrik Bull and built in Hale Passage, Washington.

Interestingly, Bull, whom we already know from a couple of other cabin designs and who was tasked with building a cabin “for the cost of a second car”, opted for splitting this 90 sq. m. second home into two units, one with private quarters (two bedrooms and a bathroom) and the other with a kitchen and living room. The sundeck that connected the units was covered with a convertible pitch roof made of canvas and was to include a barbecue area and accommodate additional guests in sleeping bags, if necessary. The cost of assembling this second home (albeit with no insulation or septic tank) amounted to USD 3,200 which translated into half of an average annual family income in 1960.

P.S. Other designs in this booklet, which are just as inspiring, can be found here: https://archive.org/details/SecondHomesForLeisureLiving/mode/2up

(photos: Flickr user MidCentArc, archive.org, grainedit.com, tahoequarterly.com)

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Telegram was co-founded by Pavel and Nikolai Durov, the brothers who had previously created VKontakte. VK is Russia’s equivalent of Facebook, a social network used for public and private messaging, audio and video sharing as well as online gaming. In January, SimpleWeb reported that VK was Russia’s fourth most-visited website, after Yandex, YouTube and Google’s Russian-language homepage. In 2016, Forbes’ Michael Solomon described Pavel Durov (pictured, below) as the “Mark Zuckerberg of Russia.” Channels are not fully encrypted, end-to-end. All communications on a Telegram channel can be seen by anyone on the channel and are also visible to Telegram. Telegram may be asked by a government to hand over the communications from a channel. Telegram has a history of standing up to Russian government requests for data, but how comfortable you are relying on that history to predict future behavior is up to you. Because Telegram has this data, it may also be stolen by hackers or leaked by an internal employee. Telegram has gained a reputation as the “secure” communications app in the post-Soviet states, but whenever you make choices about your digital security, it’s important to start by asking yourself, “What exactly am I securing? And who am I securing it from?” These questions should inform your decisions about whether you are using the right tool or platform for your digital security needs. Telegram is certainly not the most secure messaging app on the market right now. Its security model requires users to place a great deal of trust in Telegram’s ability to protect user data. For some users, this may be good enough for now. For others, it may be wiser to move to a different platform for certain kinds of high-risk communications. Individual messages can be fully encrypted. But the user has to turn on that function. It's not automatic, as it is on Signal and WhatsApp. False news often spreads via public groups, or chats, with potentially fatal effects.
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