🔴 وآن روز که شاپور به پیش سم شبرنگ افکند به زانوی ادب والریَن را
🔵نکات: 🔸والرین Publius Licinius Valerianus امپراتور روم که در جنگ ادسا The Battle of Edessa اسیر شاپور یکم شد و در کتیبه‌ای در «نقش رستم» نزدیک تخت جمشید تصویر شده که در مقابل اسب شاپور یکم زانو زده است. (برخی نسبت به این‌که شخصی که در کتیبه دیده می‌شود والرین باشد ابراز تردید کرده‌اند که بحث مفصلی دارد)
🔸شهر ادسا (به یونانی: Έδεσσα) اکنون در ترکیه، نزدیک مرز سوریه است و به ترکی شانلی‌اورفه Şanlıurfa، به انگلیسی Urfa و به کردی Riha نام دارد.
🔴 وآن روز که شاپور به پیش سم شبرنگ افکند به زانوی ادب والریَن را
🔵نکات: 🔸والرین Publius Licinius Valerianus امپراتور روم که در جنگ ادسا The Battle of Edessa اسیر شاپور یکم شد و در کتیبه‌ای در «نقش رستم» نزدیک تخت جمشید تصویر شده که در مقابل اسب شاپور یکم زانو زده است. (برخی نسبت به این‌که شخصی که در کتیبه دیده می‌شود والرین باشد ابراز تردید کرده‌اند که بحث مفصلی دارد)
🔸شهر ادسا (به یونانی: Έδεσσα) اکنون در ترکیه، نزدیک مرز سوریه است و به ترکی شانلی‌اورفه Şanlıurfa، به انگلیسی Urfa و به کردی Riha نام دارد.
Telegram has become more interventionist over time, and has steadily increased its efforts to shut down these accounts. But this has also meant that the company has also engaged with lawmakers more generally, although it maintains that it doesn’t do so willingly. For instance, in September 2021, Telegram reportedly blocked a chat bot in support of (Putin critic) Alexei Navalny during Russia’s most recent parliamentary elections. Pavel Durov was quoted at the time saying that the company was obliged to follow a “legitimate” law of the land. He added that as Apple and Google both follow the law, to violate it would give both platforms a reason to boot the messenger from its stores. The company maintains that it cannot act against individual or group chats, which are “private amongst their participants,” but it will respond to requests in relation to sticker sets, channels and bots which are publicly available. During the invasion of Ukraine, Pavel Durov has wrestled with this issue a lot more prominently than he has before. Channels like Donbass Insider and Bellum Acta, as reported by Foreign Policy, started pumping out pro-Russian propaganda as the invasion began. So much so that the Ukrainian National Security and Defense Council issued a statement labeling which accounts are Russian-backed. Ukrainian officials, in potential violation of the Geneva Convention, have shared imagery of dead and captured Russian soldiers on the platform. Again, in contrast to Facebook, Google and Twitter, Telegram's founder Pavel Durov runs his company in relative secrecy from Dubai. "The result is on this photo: fiery 'greetings' to the invaders," the Security Service of Ukraine wrote alongside a photo showing several military vehicles among plumes of black smoke. At the start of 2018, the company attempted to launch an Initial Coin Offering (ICO) which would enable it to enable payments (and earn the cash that comes from doing so). The initial signals were promising, especially given Telegram’s user base is already fairly crypto-savvy. It raised an initial tranche of cash – worth more than a billion dollars – to help develop the coin before opening sales to the public. Unfortunately, third-party sales of coins bought in those initial fundraising rounds raised the ire of the SEC, which brought the hammer down on the whole operation. In 2020, officials ordered Telegram to pay a fine of $18.5 million and hand back much of the cash that it had raised.
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