For Oleksandra Tsekhanovska, head of the Hybrid Warfare Analytical Group at the Kyiv-based Ukraine Crisis Media Center, the effects are both near- and far-reaching. Individual messages can be fully encrypted. But the user has to turn on that function. It's not automatic, as it is on Signal and WhatsApp. Perpetrators of such fraud use various marketing techniques to attract subscribers on their social media channels. False news often spreads via public groups, or chats, with potentially fatal effects. Telegram was founded in 2013 by two Russian brothers, Nikolai and Pavel Durov.
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