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رضاشاه منازعات با بریتانیا، و سیاست همسایه خوب با عراق، ترکیه و افغانستان را اجرا کرد که در همه آن‌ها صورتی از واقع‌گرایی سیاسی مشاهده می‌شود، اما روح‌اله رمضانی معتقد است مهم‌ترین آزمون سیاست خارجی رضاشاه، مواجهه با جنگ جهانی دوم بود که دوباره الگوهای ناواقع‌گرایی سیاسی سنتی ایران در آن بروز کرد.
رضاشاه منازعات با بریتانیا، و سیاست همسایه خوب با عراق، ترکیه و افغانستان را اجرا کرد که در همه آن‌ها صورتی از واقع‌گرایی سیاسی مشاهده می‌شود، اما روح‌اله رمضانی معتقد است مهم‌ترین آزمون سیاست خارجی رضاشاه، مواجهه با جنگ جهانی دوم بود که دوباره الگوهای ناواقع‌گرایی سیاسی سنتی ایران در آن بروز کرد.
You may recall that, back when Facebook started changing WhatsApp’s terms of service, a number of news outlets reported on, and even recommended, switching to Telegram. Pavel Durov even said that users should delete WhatsApp “unless you are cool with all of your photos and messages becoming public one day.” But Telegram can’t be described as a more-secure version of WhatsApp. Since its launch in 2013, Telegram has grown from a simple messaging app to a broadcast network. Its user base isn’t as vast as WhatsApp’s, and its broadcast platform is a fraction the size of Twitter, but it’s nonetheless showing its use. While Telegram has been embroiled in controversy for much of its life, it has become a vital source of communication during the invasion of Ukraine. But, if all of this is new to you, let us explain, dear friends, what on Earth a Telegram is meant to be, and why you should, or should not, need to care. Markets continued to grapple with the economic and corporate earnings implications relating to the Russia-Ukraine conflict. “We have a ton of uncertainty right now,” said Stephanie Link, chief investment strategist and portfolio manager at Hightower Advisors. “We’re dealing with a war, we’re dealing with inflation. We don’t know what it means to earnings.” At the start of 2018, the company attempted to launch an Initial Coin Offering (ICO) which would enable it to enable payments (and earn the cash that comes from doing so). The initial signals were promising, especially given Telegram’s user base is already fairly crypto-savvy. It raised an initial tranche of cash – worth more than a billion dollars – to help develop the coin before opening sales to the public. Unfortunately, third-party sales of coins bought in those initial fundraising rounds raised the ire of the SEC, which brought the hammer down on the whole operation. In 2020, officials ordered Telegram to pay a fine of $18.5 million and hand back much of the cash that it had raised. Artem Kliuchnikov and his family fled Ukraine just days before the Russian invasion.
from pl
