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Junger OrientalistπŸ•Š
Одним ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹Ρ… арабских коммунистов, ΡƒΡ‡Π°ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π²ΡˆΠΈΡ… Π² Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ…, Π±Ρ‹Π» Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½Π΅Ρ† Π€ΡƒΠ°Π΄ аш-Π¨ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈ. Π‘ сСрСдины 1920-Ρ… Π³Π³. ΠΎΠ½ возглавлял Π‘ΠΈΡ€ΠΎ-Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΡŽ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°Π» Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΡΠΎΡŽΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ. Π’ частности, Π¨ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈ основал ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π³Π»Π°Π²ΠΈΠ» ВсСобщий союз рабочих…
πŸ“ΈΠšΠΎΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡΡ‚ Π€ΡƒΠ°Π΄ аш-Π¨ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π±Ρ‹Π» ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ· османского Π›ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½Π°, Π½ΠΎ свой ΠΏΡƒΡ‚ΡŒ Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΡΠΎΡŽΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π» Π² Π•Π³ΠΈΠΏΡ‚Π΅. МногиС Π²Ρ‹Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Ρ†Ρ‹ ΠΈΠ· Π›Π΅Π²Π°Π½Ρ‚Π° Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π»ΠΈ Ρ‚Π°ΠΌ, часто – Ρ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, учитСлями ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Турналистами. Π¨ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅ Π±Ρ‹Π» Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‡ΠΈΠΌ Π½Π° Ρ‚Π°Π±Π°Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„Π°Π±Ρ€ΠΈΠΊΠ΅.

Π’ 1923 ΠΎΠ½ вСрнулся Π² Π›ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½. Π£ΠΆΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΌ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΎΠ½ создал ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΡΠΎΡŽΠ· Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‡ΠΈΡ…-Ρ‚Π°Π±Π°Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² Π‘ΠΈΠΊΡ„Π°Π΅. ВпослСдствии ΠΎΠ½ ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π» Ρ„Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΡΠΎΡŽΠ·ΠΎΠ².

Π¨ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈ стоял Ρƒ истоков Π‘ΠΈΡ€ΠΎ-ливанской ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΠΈ. По Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ свСдСниям, ΠΎΠ½ возглавлял Π΅Ρ‘ Ρ‚ΠΎ Π»ΠΈ совсСм с самого Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Π°, Ρ‚ΠΎ Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Ρ‚ΠΈ.

ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ Π¨ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈ партия вступила Π² ΠšΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½. Π₯отя коммунистов Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π° Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ячСйки быстро Ρ€Π°ΡΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ, Π² Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Π΅ 1930-Ρ… Ρƒ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΠΈ ΡƒΠΆΠ΅ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ отдСлСния Π² ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΏΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ… Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Дамаска, Π‘Π΅ΠΉΡ€ΡƒΡ‚Π° ΠΈ Π’Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈ.

Π’ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ 1920-Ρ… Π€ΡƒΠ°Π΄ аш-Π¨ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈ попытался ΠΈΠ·Π±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚, Π½ΠΎ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ допустили Π΄ΠΎ Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ².

Π’ 1932/36/37 Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ Π½Π° Π€Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ. ВмСсто Π¨ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΡŽ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π³Π»Π°Π²ΠΈΠ» ΠΊΡƒΡ€Π΄ Π₯Π°Π»Π΅Π΄ Π‘Π°Π³Π΄Π°Ρˆ. Π’ сСрСдинС 1930-Ρ… Π‘Π°Π³Π΄Π°Ρˆ учился Π² ΠšΠ£Π’Π’ ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π» Π² Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅ ΠšΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π° Π² МосквС.



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πŸ“ΈΠšΠΎΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡΡ‚ Π€ΡƒΠ°Π΄ аш-Π¨ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π±Ρ‹Π» ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ· османского Π›ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½Π°, Π½ΠΎ свой ΠΏΡƒΡ‚ΡŒ Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΡΠΎΡŽΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π» Π² Π•Π³ΠΈΠΏΡ‚Π΅. МногиС Π²Ρ‹Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Ρ†Ρ‹ ΠΈΠ· Π›Π΅Π²Π°Π½Ρ‚Π° Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π»ΠΈ Ρ‚Π°ΠΌ, часто – Ρ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, учитСлями ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Турналистами. Π¨ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅ Π±Ρ‹Π» Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‡ΠΈΠΌ Π½Π° Ρ‚Π°Π±Π°Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„Π°Π±Ρ€ΠΈΠΊΠ΅.

Π’ 1923 ΠΎΠ½ вСрнулся Π² Π›ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½. Π£ΠΆΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΌ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΎΠ½ создал ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΡΠΎΡŽΠ· Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‡ΠΈΡ…-Ρ‚Π°Π±Π°Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² Π‘ΠΈΠΊΡ„Π°Π΅. ВпослСдствии ΠΎΠ½ ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π» Ρ„Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΡΠΎΡŽΠ·ΠΎΠ².

Π¨ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈ стоял Ρƒ истоков Π‘ΠΈΡ€ΠΎ-ливанской ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΠΈ. По Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ свСдСниям, ΠΎΠ½ возглавлял Π΅Ρ‘ Ρ‚ΠΎ Π»ΠΈ совсСм с самого Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Π°, Ρ‚ΠΎ Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Ρ‚ΠΈ.

ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ Π¨ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈ партия вступила Π² ΠšΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½. Π₯отя коммунистов Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π° Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ячСйки быстро Ρ€Π°ΡΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ, Π² Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Π΅ 1930-Ρ… Ρƒ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΠΈ ΡƒΠΆΠ΅ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ отдСлСния Π² ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΏΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ… Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Дамаска, Π‘Π΅ΠΉΡ€ΡƒΡ‚Π° ΠΈ Π’Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈ.

Π’ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ 1920-Ρ… Π€ΡƒΠ°Π΄ аш-Π¨ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈ попытался ΠΈΠ·Π±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚, Π½ΠΎ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ допустили Π΄ΠΎ Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ².

Π’ 1932/36/37 Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ Π½Π° Π€Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ. ВмСсто Π¨ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΡŽ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π³Π»Π°Π²ΠΈΠ» ΠΊΡƒΡ€Π΄ Π₯Π°Π»Π΅Π΄ Π‘Π°Π³Π΄Π°Ρˆ. Π’ сСрСдинС 1930-Ρ… Π‘Π°Π³Π΄Π°Ρˆ учился Π² ΠšΠ£Π’Π’ ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π» Π² Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅ ΠšΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π° Π² МосквС.

BY Junger OrientalistπŸ•Š




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"We're seeing really dramatic moves, and it's all really tied to Ukraine right now, and in a secondary way, in terms of interest rates," Octavio Marenzi, CEO of Opimas, told Yahoo Finance Live on Thursday. "This war in Ukraine is going to give the Fed the ammunition, the cover that it needs, to not raise interest rates too quickly. And I think Jay Powell is a very tepid sort of inflation fighter and he's not going to do as much as he needs to do to get that under control. And this seems like an excuse to kick the can further down the road still and not do too much too soon." Apparently upbeat developments in Russia's discussions with Ukraine helped at least temporarily send investors back into risk assets. Russian President Vladimir Putin said during a meeting with his Belarusian counterpart Alexander Lukashenko that there were "certain positive developments" occurring in the talks with Ukraine, according to a transcript of their meeting. Putin added that discussions were happening "almost on a daily basis." Pavel Durov, a billionaire who embraces an all-black wardrobe and is often compared to the character Neo from "the Matrix," funds Telegram through his personal wealth and debt financing. And despite being one of the world's most popular tech companies, Telegram reportedly has only about 30 employees who defer to Durov for most major decisions about the platform. Either way, Durov says that he withdrew his resignation but that he was ousted from his company anyway. Subsequently, control of the company was reportedly handed to oligarchs Alisher Usmanov and Igor Sechin, both allegedly close associates of Russian leader Vladimir Putin. Meanwhile, a completely redesigned attachment menu appears when sending multiple photos or vides. Users can tap "X selected" (X being the number of items) at the top of the panel to preview how the album will look in the chat when it's sent, as well as rearrange or remove selected media.
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