در این قسمت ابتدا به سراغ انگاره پیچیدگی می‌رویم و پیرامون تحول انگاره در فیزیک در دهه‌های گذشته صحبت می‌کنیم. نشان می‌دهیم که فیزیک آماری در گذار از ریزمقیاس به بزرگ‌مقیاس با چه چالش‌هایی روبه‌رو بوده. سپس به دنبال توجیه رفتارهای جمعی در سیستم‌های فیزیکی و زیستی به اهمیت برهمکنش‌های نابدیهی و شبکه‌های پیچیده می‌رسیم.
در این قسمت ابتدا به سراغ انگاره پیچیدگی می‌رویم و پیرامون تحول انگاره در فیزیک در دهه‌های گذشته صحبت می‌کنیم. نشان می‌دهیم که فیزیک آماری در گذار از ریزمقیاس به بزرگ‌مقیاس با چه چالش‌هایی روبه‌رو بوده. سپس به دنبال توجیه رفتارهای جمعی در سیستم‌های فیزیکی و زیستی به اهمیت برهمکنش‌های نابدیهی و شبکه‌های پیچیده می‌رسیم.
He said that since his platform does not have the capacity to check all channels, it may restrict some in Russia and Ukraine "for the duration of the conflict," but then reversed course hours later after many users complained that Telegram was an important source of information. The perpetrators use various names to carry out the investment scams. They may also impersonate or clone licensed capital market intermediaries by using the names, logos, credentials, websites and other details of the legitimate entities to promote the illegal schemes. Right now the digital security needs of Russians and Ukrainians are very different, and they lead to very different caveats about how to mitigate the risks associated with using Telegram. For Ukrainians in Ukraine, whose physical safety is at risk because they are in a war zone, digital security is probably not their highest priority. They may value access to news and communication with their loved ones over making sure that all of their communications are encrypted in such a manner that they are indecipherable to Telegram, its employees, or governments with court orders. Channels are not fully encrypted, end-to-end. All communications on a Telegram channel can be seen by anyone on the channel and are also visible to Telegram. Telegram may be asked by a government to hand over the communications from a channel. Telegram has a history of standing up to Russian government requests for data, but how comfortable you are relying on that history to predict future behavior is up to you. Because Telegram has this data, it may also be stolen by hackers or leaked by an internal employee. Telegram was founded in 2013 by two Russian brothers, Nikolai and Pavel Durov.
from pl
