Несколько сложнее ситуация обстоит с историей концепции запада.
Противопоставление востока и запада встречается у Геродота однако на тот момент не приживается.
Что-то близкое к современному прочтению дихотомии запад-восток мы встречаем в поздней Римской империи, особенно с момента её разделения на восточную и западную части. Однако это всё ещё разделение в рамках политического пространства которое мыслилось единым даже когда уже фактически таковым не было.
Общеупотребительным же противопоставление востока и запада становится в новое время, и только с этого периода такое разделение наполняется понятным нам сегодня содержанием.
Подробно этот вопрос разбирался в цикле Эллинизм и славянство, поэтому больше здесь на нём останавливаться не будем.
Несколько сложнее ситуация обстоит с историей концепции запада.
Противопоставление востока и запада встречается у Геродота однако на тот момент не приживается.
Что-то близкое к современному прочтению дихотомии запад-восток мы встречаем в поздней Римской империи, особенно с момента её разделения на восточную и западную части. Однако это всё ещё разделение в рамках политического пространства которое мыслилось единым даже когда уже фактически таковым не было.
Общеупотребительным же противопоставление востока и запада становится в новое время, и только с этого периода такое разделение наполняется понятным нам сегодня содержанием.
Подробно этот вопрос разбирался в цикле Эллинизм и славянство, поэтому больше здесь на нём останавливаться не будем.
On December 23rd, 2020, Pavel Durov posted to his channel that the company would need to start generating revenue. In early 2021, he added that any advertising on the platform would not use user data for targeting, and that it would be focused on “large one-to-many channels.” He pledged that ads would be “non-intrusive” and that most users would simply not notice any change. Telegram has gained a reputation as the “secure” communications app in the post-Soviet states, but whenever you make choices about your digital security, it’s important to start by asking yourself, “What exactly am I securing? And who am I securing it from?” These questions should inform your decisions about whether you are using the right tool or platform for your digital security needs. Telegram is certainly not the most secure messaging app on the market right now. Its security model requires users to place a great deal of trust in Telegram’s ability to protect user data. For some users, this may be good enough for now. For others, it may be wiser to move to a different platform for certain kinds of high-risk communications. Channels are not fully encrypted, end-to-end. All communications on a Telegram channel can be seen by anyone on the channel and are also visible to Telegram. Telegram may be asked by a government to hand over the communications from a channel. Telegram has a history of standing up to Russian government requests for data, but how comfortable you are relying on that history to predict future behavior is up to you. Because Telegram has this data, it may also be stolen by hackers or leaked by an internal employee. The company maintains that it cannot act against individual or group chats, which are “private amongst their participants,” but it will respond to requests in relation to sticker sets, channels and bots which are publicly available. During the invasion of Ukraine, Pavel Durov has wrestled with this issue a lot more prominently than he has before. Channels like Donbass Insider and Bellum Acta, as reported by Foreign Policy, started pumping out pro-Russian propaganda as the invasion began. So much so that the Ukrainian National Security and Defense Council issued a statement labeling which accounts are Russian-backed. Ukrainian officials, in potential violation of the Geneva Convention, have shared imagery of dead and captured Russian soldiers on the platform. Given the pro-privacy stance of the platform, it’s taken as a given that it’ll be used for a number of reasons, not all of them good. And Telegram has been attached to a fair few scandals related to terrorism, sexual exploitation and crime. Back in 2015, Vox described Telegram as “ISIS’ app of choice,” saying that the platform’s real use is the ability to use channels to distribute material to large groups at once. Telegram has acted to remove public channels affiliated with terrorism, but Pavel Durov reiterated that he had no business snooping on private conversations.
from ru
